I PTEROBRANCHIA 23 
on specimens dredged by Canon Norman in 90 fathoms, off the 
Shetland Islands. The structure of Rhabdopleura has been 
described by Sars,’ Lankester” and Fowler? &. normani is 
common in certain Norwegian Fjords, at depths of 40 fathoms 
or more, and has been recorded by Fowler from the Tristan 
d’Acunha group in the 8. Atlantic; 2. compacta has been found 
off the N.E. coast of Ireland* and near Roscoff, on the N. coast of 
Brittany ; while forms described by Jullien’ as R. grimaldii and 
fk. manubialis have been dredged off the Azores. I have recently 
found a fragment of Rhabdopleura from South Australia. It is 
doubtful how far these species are distinct. 
Cephalodiscus dodecalophus® was found in the Straits of 
Magellan, during the “ Challenger” voyage, at a depth of 245 
fathoms, and has recently been rediscovered in shallower water in 
the same neighbourhood by the Swedish Antarctic Expedition. 
Another Cephalodiscus, at present undescribed, has been obtained 
by Dr. Levinsen from 100 fathoms off the coast of Japan; while 
the Dutch expedition carried out by the “ Siboga ” has resulted in 
the discovery of two other specimens, one from a reef close to low- 
tide mark on the coast of Borneo, the other from 41-52 fathoms 
off Celebes. These three specimens differ markedly from one 
another and from the “ Challenger” specimen of C. dodecalophus, 
and it is probable that they all belong to new species. The 
occurrence of a deep-sea animal at a great distance from the 
locality at which it was first found is not in itself a matter for 
great surprise; but in the present instance two of the newly 
discovered forms are from shallow water, and one of them is 
actually littoral. The occurrence of so many species of Cepha- 
lodiscus in Oriental waters suggests that the Pacific or the 
Indian Ocean may be the headquarters of the genus, which 
may prove to be far less of a rarity than has hitherto been 
1 «*Remarkable forms of Animal Life,” i. Christiania Univ.-Program for the 
Jirst half-year, 1869; and Quart. J. Micr. Sct. xiv. 1874, p. 23. 
2 Quart. J. Micr. Sci. xxiv. 1884, p. 622. 
3 Proc. Roy. Soc. lii. 1893, p. 132; Festschr. 70 ten. Geburtstage R. Leuckarts, 
4to, Leipzig, 1892, p. 293. 
4 Hincks, Hist. Brit. Marine Polyzoa, vol. i. 1880, p. 581. 
° Rés. Camp. Sci. Prince de Monaco, Bryozoaires, 1903, p. 23. 
5 Challenger Reports, Part lxii. 1887. See also Masterman in Quart. J. Mier. 
Sct. xl. 1898, p. 340; xlvi. 1903, p. 715; Rep: Brit. Ass. (1898), 1899, p. 914; Tr. 
R. Soc. Edinb. xxxix. 1900, p. 507 ; and the notes in the Zool. Anz. xx. 1897, 
pp. 342, 443, 505; xxii. 1899, pp. 359, 361; and xxvi. 1903, pp. 368, 593. 
