XXI MALACOPTERYGII 563 
Qi.) ENGRAULINAE.—Mouth moderate or large ; praemaxillaries 
very small; maxillaries large, with narrow supplemental bones, 
more or less firmly attached to praemaxillaries; branchiostegals 
6 to 19; abdomen rotnded or more or less compressed, with or 
without serration ; no lateral line. Recent genera: Dusswmieria, 
Etrumeus, Engraulis, Cetengraulis, Heterothrissa, Coilia. Fossil: 
Spaniodon, Upper Cretaceous. 
(ii1.) CLUPEINAE.— Mouth small or moderate ; maxillaries freely 
movable behind the praemaxillaries, usually with large supple- 
mental bones ; branchiostegals 5 to 10; abdomen usually serrated ; 
lateral line usually absent. Recent genera: Clupea, Hyperlophus 
(Diplomystus), Opisthonema, Brevoortia, Pellonula, Clupeichthys, 
Odaxothrissa, Pellona, Chirocentrodon, Pristigaster, Raconda, 
Chatvessus. Fossil: Pseudoberyx, Histiothrissa, Scombroclupea, 
Leptichthys, Upper Cretaceous. 
Gv.) CHANINAE.—Mouth small, toothless; maxillaries firmly 
D E 
Fic. 341.—Showing the wide range of variation, within the family, of the bones (pm, 
praemaxillary, m, maxillary) forming the upper border of the mouth. A, Dussu- 
mieria ; B, Coilia ; ©, Pellona; D, Chatoessus ; E, Chanos. In these semi-diagram- 
matic figures the orbit is represented of the same size in all, as affording the best term 
of comparison in judging of the relative development of the bones of the upper jaw, 
attached to praemaxillaries; branchiostegals 4, very broad ; 
abdomen rounded or flattened; lateral line distinct. Chanos, 
recent ; Chanoides, Upper Eocene; Prochanos, Cretaceous. 
