572 TELEOSTEI CHAP. 
(STOMIATINAE). Stomias, Macrostomias, Echiostoma, Opostomias, Pachystomias, 
Photonectes, Malacosteus, Thawmatostomias, Photostomias. 
This family, comprising about 55 species, has a world-wide 
distribution, but most of the known forms have been obtained 
from the Atlantic ; some of the species occur both in the Atlantic 
and the Indo-Pacific. Chauliodus, Astronesthes, and Stomias are 
among the fishes with the most formidable dentition. 
Fam. 20. Gonerhynchidae.— Margin of the upper jaw formed 
by the praemaxillaries and the maxillaries, the latter articulated 
above the former to the ethmoid. Supraoccipital in contact with 
the frontals, widely separating the small parietals; opercular 
bones well developed; symplectic present. Basis cranii simple. 
Mouth small and toothless, inferior, surrounded by thick, fringed 
lips. Four branchiostegal rays. Head and body entirely covered 
with small spiny scales. Praecaudal vertebrae with strong 
parapophyses, to the extremity of which slender ribs and epi- 
pleurals are attached. No postclavicle. Pectoral fins inserted 
low down, folding like the ventrals; latter with 10 rays. 
Fic. 347.—Gonorhynchus greyt. 4 nat. size. (After Valenciennes. ) 
The single existing species, Gonorhynchus grey, is charac- 
terised by an elongate, cylindrical body, a pointed projecting 
snout bearing a single barbel, short dorsal and anal fins, the 
former opposed to the ventrals, and the gill-membranes broadly 
attached to the isthmus. Teeth are present on the pterygoid 
and hyoid bones. Nosuborbitalarch. Vertebrae,45-+ 20. Air- 
bladder absent. Its distribution is a very wide one, the species’ 
being on record from the coasts of the Cape of Good Hope, 
Australia, New Zealand, and Japan. 
The genus Votogoneus, from the freshwater Eocene beds of 
France and North America, has been referred to this family 
by Cope, and has been shown by A. S. Woodward to be closely 
related to Gonorhynchus, differing only in the absence of teeth 
on the palate and tongue, and in the more forward position of 
the dorsal fin. The genus Charitosomus, with several species 
