576 TELEOSTEI CHAP. 
C. SERRASALMONINAE.—Carnivorous ; teeth strong; belly serrated ; scales 
cycloid. American : Serrasalmo, Myletes, Myleus, Metynnis, Catoprion. 
D, IcHTHYOBORINAE.—Carnivorous ; teeth strong; maxillary very small; 
upper jaw movable; scales ciliated. African: Hugnathichthys, 
Paraphago, Mesoborus, Phago, Ichthyoborus, Neoborus. 
E, XrpHOsToMINAE.—Carnivorous ; teeth very small; maxillary rather 
small; scales ciliated. American: Xiphostoma. 
F. Anosrominak.—Herbivorous, entirely or partially; teeth well de- 
veloped in both jaws; maxillary very small; gill-openings narrow ; 
scales cycloid. American: Anostomus, Leporinus, Characidiwm, 
Chorimycterus, Nanostomus, Nanognathus. 
G. HemrioponTinar.—Partially herbivorous ; dentition imperfect ; maxil- 
lary well developed ; scales cycloid. American: Hemiodus, Caeno- 
tropis, Saccodon, Parodon. 
H. DisticHopontmar.—Entirely or partially herbivorous ; teeth small but 
well developed ; maxillary well developed; scales ciliated. African : 
Nannaethiops, Neolebias, Distichodus, Nannocharaxz, Xenocharaz. 
I. CrrHarrinar.—Herbivorous; teeth minute or absent; maxillary 
small; scales cycloid or ciliated. African: Citharinus, Citharidiwm. 
American: Prochilodus, Curimatus. 
Fic. 348.—Distribution of the Characinidae. 
The genera in the above sub-familes are mostly founded on 
the dentition and the extent of the praemaxillary and maxillary 
bones, which are astonishingly varied, as may be seen from the 
annexed figures showing the open mouths of a few of the most 
remarkable types. As I have already pointed out, the character 
often given as diagnostic of this family, viz. the maxillary 
forming part of the oral border, is not absolutely constant; this 
bone is often much reduced, and it is entirely excluded from the 
mouth in Jchthyoborus and Neoborus. The branchiostegal rays 
