XXII HAPLOMI 619 
both north and south of the Ohio River; it is common in the 
River Styx of the Mammoth Cave. Typhlichthys subterraneus 
is found with the latter species in the caves east of the 
Mississippi, but is confined to the south side of the Ohio River, 
whilst 7. (Zroglichthys) rosae is found in the caves west of the 
Mississippi River. Of Amblyopsis spelaea, the late Professor Cope 
has observed: “If these Amblyopses be not alarmed, they come 
to the surface to feed, and swim in full sight, like white aquatic 
ghosts. They are then easily taken by the hand or net, if perfect 
silence is preserved, for they are unconscious of the presence of an 
enemy except through the medium of hearing; this sense, however, 
is evidently very acute, for at any noise they turn suddenly down- 
wards, and hide beneath stones, etc.,on the bottom.” Dr. Garman 
thinks, on the contrary, that such a sense can hardly be developed 
in recesses where we are accustomed to think any sounds other than 
those made by the rippling or dripping water are almost unknown, 
and that it is through the sense of touch, and not through 
hearing, that the Fish is disturbed. In fact, the head is provided 
with a great number of tactile papillae, arranged in transverse 
ridges, provided with nervous filaments, which evidently compen- 
sate the loss of the visual organ.’ 
Fam. 13. Stephanoberycidae.—This Family has hitherto been 
placed near the Berycidae, among the Acanthopterygu, but there 
are no spinous rays in the dorsal and anal fins; and the ventrals, 
formed of one simple and four or five branched rays, are abdominal. 
The genus Stephanoberyx, with two species from the Atlantic, at 
depths of 535 to 2949 fathoms, is characterised by a large, thick, 
cavernous head, with thin bony spine-bearing ridges, a large 
mouth bordered by the protractile praemaxillaries, behind which 
are the large maxillaries, a short dorsal and a short anal, opposed to 
each other behind the ventrals, and the body covered with feebly 
imbricated scales, each bearing in the centre one or several erect 
spines. The largest specimen measures 6 inches. Malacosareus, 
a small Fish from the Pacific, at depths of 2350 and 2425 
fathoms, is very closely allied to Stephanoberyx, but its scales are 
very thin and cycloid. The striking resemblance which the head 
1 On the history and habits of the Blind Fishes of the Mammoth Cave, cf. Putnam, 
Amer. Nat. 1872, p. 6, and Proc. Boston Soc. xvii. 1875, p. 222. For a recent 
account of the eyes of the Amblyopsidae, cf. C. H. Eigenmann’s paper in Arch. f. 
Entwickelungsmech. viii. 1899, p. 545, to which is appended a complete biblio- 
graphical index to the subject. 
