626 TELEOSTEI CHAP. 
‘enclosed in a pearly covering deposited upon it by the oyster ; 
a similar specimen is preserved in the British Museum. 
Fia. 382.—Fierasfer acus, penetrating into Holothurians, 2 nat. size. (After Emery.) 
Sub-Order 7. Catosteomi. 
Air-bladder, if present, without open duct. Parietal bones, if 
present, separated by the supraoccipital. Pectoral arch suspended 
from the skull; no mesocoracoid arch; coracoid usually very 
large. Ventral fins, if present, abdominal, or pelvis attached to 
the coracoid bones. 
The mouth is small and bordered by the praemaxillaries or 
by the praemaxillaries and a small portion of the maxillaries. 
The air-bladder is present, except in the Solenostomidae and 
Pegasidae. 
Following the suggestions of Kner and Steindachner and 
Cope to their logical conclusion, A. S. Woodward, in his valuable 
‘atalogue of the Fossil Fishes in the British Museum, has 
united the Lophobranchs of Cuvier with the Hemibranchs of 
Cope, a course which seems fully justified, and has received 
