654 TEVEOSTET CHAP. 
||| Ribs inserted on the transverse processes when these 
are developed ; not more than 3 anal spines. 
Mouth not or but feebly protractile; spinous dorsal usually longer than 
the soft; anal with 1 or 2 spines . . : 9. Pereidae: 
Mouth moderately protractile; palate toothed; spinous dorsal not longer 
than the soft; anal with 2 or 3 spines . . 10. Acropomatidae. 
Mouth very protractile ; palate toothless; praemaxillary with an upwardly 
directed lateral process . . 4 . 17. Gerridae. 
Mouth moderately protractile ; Palas toothed ; anal longer than soft dorsal ; 
body scaly . : : : : ns: Tieslr idee 
Mouth moderately protractile ; palate toothless ; anal much longer than soft 
dorsal ; body naked : E : Spats) Drichadoniae 
TT Transverse perce developed on the third vertebra 
and bearing the ribs; palate usually toothless. 
No subocular shelf; teeth small : : . 22. Pristipomatidae. 
A subocular shelf; teeth often large, either cutting in front or molar-like 
on the sides. , 5 : 3 : . 23. Sparidae. 
A subocular shelf; teeth very small or absent; a pair of barbels on the 
throat . ; : ; . oe . 24. Mullidae. 
ik, Ventrals rather far behind the base of the pectorals ; 
lower pectoral rays unbranched, often thickened ; no 
subocular shelf, 
Anal fin nearly as long as the soft dorsal. . 20. Latrididae. 
Anal fin much shorter than the soft dorsal . . 21. Haplodactylidae. 
8, Gill-membranes attached to the isthmus. 
* Scales well developed ; vertebrae 24 or more. 
A subocular shelf; mouth small; palate toothless 27. Chaetodontidae. 
No subocular shelf ; mouth small; palate toothless 28. Drepanidae. 
Subocular shelf more or less developed ; a superbranchial respiratory organ 
31. Osphromenidae. 
** Scales minute ; mouth small; vertebrae 22 or 23. 
Post-temporal not distinctly forked ; vertebrae with strong transverse pro- 
cesses ; ventrals with 1 spine and 2 to 5 soft rays 29, Acanthuridae. 
Post-temporal forked ; vertebrae without transverse processes ; ventrals with 
2 spines and 3 soft rays between them . . 80. Teuthididae. 
b. Lower pharyngeals completely united into one bone, without 
median suture . ’ 4 : . 32. Hmbiotocidae. 
B. A single nostril on each side; lower pharyngeal bones more or less 
completely united, but with persistent suture; no subocular shelf; palate 
toothless . : : ; . 338. Cichlidae. 
II. Gills three and a halt ; lower pharyneeals completely united into one 
bone, without median suture ; palate toothless. 
A single nostril of each side; teeth conical or incisor-like; a subocular 
shelf: . F ; 3 ; , . 34. Pomacentridae. 
Two nostrils on each side ; anterior teeth usually strong and canine-like ; 
teeth on pharyngeal bones conical or tubercular ; no subeettan shelf 
35. Labridae. 
Two nostrils on each side; anterior teeth more or less coalesced into a beak ; 
teeth on pharyngeal bones flat, tessellated ; no subocular shelf 
36. Scaridae. 
