658 TELEOSTEI CHAP. 
Fam. 6. Lobotidae—As in Centrarchidae, but transverse 
processes of vertebrae very short, and palate toothless. Two 
genera: Lobotes, with two species from the warm parts of the 
Indian and Pacific Oceans, the Mediterranean, and the Atlantic 
coast of America, and Datnioides, with two species from the 
estuaries of the Ganges and the rivers of Burma, Siam, and’ the 
Malay Peninsula and Archipelago. 
Fam. 7. Toxotidae.—No subocular shelf; entopterygoid 
present ; palate toothed; mouth very protractile; maxillary very 
slender. Ribs sessile, behind parapophyses which commence from 
the third vertebra. Two nostrils on each side. Guill-membranes 
free from isthmus; 7 branchiostegal rays; gills 4, a slit behind 
the fourth; pseudobranchiae present. Lower pharyngeal bones 
separate. Ventral fins with 1 spine and 5 soft rays. 
A single genus, Zowotes, with 5 species from the fresh waters 
and coasts of the East Indies, N. Australia, Polynesia, and New 
Zealand. Toxotes jaculator derives its name from its habit of 
capturing insects flying near the surface of the water by shooting 
drops of water at them, a habit which it continues in captivity. 
Fam. 8. Nandidae.—No subocular shelf; no entopterygoid ; 
palate toothed; mouth very protractile. Praecaudal vertebrae 
with parapophyses from the 7th or 8th; ribs mostly sessile, behind 
the parapophyses. Two nostrils on each side. Gill-membranes 
free from isthmus; 6 branchiostegal rays; gills 4, a sht behind 
the fourth ; pseudobranchiae absent. Lower pharyngeal bones 
separate. Soft portion of dorsal fin not more developed than 
the anal. Ventral fins with 1 spine and 5 soft rays. 
Small carnivorous freshwater fishes, of which 14 species are 
known, referable to 6 genera: Nandus, Catopra, and Badis from 
South-Eastern Asia, Polycentropsis from West Africa, Polycentrus 
and Monocirrus from South America. 
Fam. 9. Percidae.—No subocular lamina of the suborbitals ; 
entopterygoid present. Anterior vertebrae without transverse 
processes ; all or most of the ribs inserted on the transverse pro- 
cesses when these are developed. Two nostrils on each side. 
Mouth not or but feebly protractile. Gill-membranes free from 
the isthmus; 6 to 8 branchiostegal rays; gills 4, a slit behind 
the fourth ; pseudobranchiae more or less developed, often rudi- 
mentary, rarely absent. Lower pharyngeal bones separate. 
Soft portion of dorsal fin not very much more developed than 
