REFLECTIONS ON DISEASE TREATMENT 181 
soda is increased from 5 lb. to 6 lb., should be used. 
Both Bordeaux and Burgundy Mixtures have a high 
fungicidal value, but when freshly burnt lime is easily 
obtained the former is advised. 
Ammoniacal Copper Carbonate 
One objection to Bordeaux and Burgundy Mixtures 
is that they stain the leaves and fruit, and when this is 
an important factor, ammoniacal copper carbonate is 
employed, for this, upon drying, deposits practically no 
stain. This compound, however, possesses less value as 
a fungicide, and plants susceptible to injury by Bordeaux 
Mixture are more likely to be injured by ammoniacal 
copper carbonate. It is prepared from 5 ozs. copper 
carbonate, 2 to 3 pints strong ammonia (‘880), and 50 
gallons of water. As copper carbonate is more soluble in 
dilute ammonia than in the strong solution it is necessary 
to dilute it. The copper carbonate should be rubbed 
down to a thin paste with a little water, and then 1 pint 
of the ammonia diluted to 1 gallon with water, poured 
over it. The mixture should be shaken well and then 
allowed to settle, when the clear blue, supernatant liquid 
is poured off. A further quantity of diluted ammonia 
is added to the residue and well shaken, pouring off the 
clear liquid after standing. This process is repeated 
until the whole of the carbonate is dissolved, but care 
should be taken to use no more ammonia than is necessary 
to do this. After adding the remainder of the water the 
solution is ready for use. It should be used immediately, 
for it rapidly loses ammonia and its fungicidal value 
becomes reduced. 
Sulphur Fungicides 
Sulphur in various forms has long been used as a 
fungicide. Apart from the pure “ flowers of sulphur,” 
which are employed as a “ dust’ and will be considered 
