137 



ftüLllX PÄPAVERIS 



Its biology and the development and structure of the gall, which it produces. 



J. Keijnvaan — 



Gondii 



\V. DOOTERS VAN LeEUWEN. 

 — Utrecht. 



Wherever P a j) a v e r <\ u b i ii in j;toavs in some quantity, it is 

 sure to be atta<-ked by Aiilax papaveri^. During' several years we 

 were able to observe this .yall in many a place in the Netherlands 

 and so we can ^ive an account of the ]»henomena , which occur at 

 the formation of the jiall. 



MOLLIAKD (1) (1<S*M>) ])ublished his investij^ations on this oall. 

 As we liad many opjxu'tunities durin<i our ex]teriments to consider 

 its anatomy and development too and as we ayree in most ]»oints 

 with MoLLiAKU but can add some facts to the research of this 

 author, we shall publish also the anatomical cha])ter. 



Before cominj^ to this and the descripti(m of the life of this 

 gall-insect, we shall iiu^ntion in this introduction some general facts, 

 which are of importance to an exact knowledge of the formation of 

 the gall and a more extensive consideration of the facts. We found 

 a more complete description of the gall and ist relation to the gall- 

 producer mentioned in the year 1(S4(). It was a note of Perris (1*) who 

 found the gall near Mont de Mass and near J)ax on P a p a v e r d u- 

 b i u m. He describes the gall in some wor<ls and as to the laying of 

 eggs, he remarks that they were not to be found within the [)lant- 

 tissue. He gave the wasp the name of Ih/plolcpis papaveris and de- 

 scribed also some parasites , common in the galls of 1' a p. d u - 

 1) i u m. Hut as we do not a]>proacli this side of the gall-study , we 

 shall not discuss this question any further. 



(1) M. Mui.LiAiO) — Sur l;i i^allt' de VJiilax jtuparcris. Rev. gen. d. Hot., t. XI 

 1899, pg. 209. 

 t"*^ (2) M. E. Pkhhis — ()))serv'ation,s sur les iuseetes (pii luihitent les galles de 



CT) 1' Ulex nanus et du P a p a v e r d n l> i n m. Annales de la Société Eutoni. 

 '^ de Fiance, IX, 1840, p. 89-99. 



00 

 Lu 



