The following are a series of memorandums explanatory of the 

 drawings shown on Plate No. V, illustrating various methods of 

 pruning trees and shrubs. 



A 



A large, overgrown, and "leggy" shrub with some new long shoots growing from 

 the base of the plant. In such overgrown plants as these all of the wood which 

 produces flowers is in the top branches at the ends of the old wood and the shrub 

 presents a very bare effect at its base. 



The same shrub as shown under "A", but pruned for the purpose of allowing 

 new shoots to develop from the base of the shrub and to permit a new top at a 

 normal height, thus renovating the entire shrub during a period of two or three 

 years. 



The same shrub as in "A", showing its development after proper pruning. This 

 produces new flowering wood and a more natural and even development of the 

 entire shrub, which insures a better bloom and a more satisfactory effect. 



The same shrub as under "A", but incorrectly pruned or "sheared" in accordance 

 with the method of unintelligently removing all wood, new and old, at a uniform 

 height, irrespective of flowering habits or other habits of growth of the shrub. 



The same shrub as under "A", showing the development in its growth after in- 

 correct pruning (A-3). Note that most of the new growth has developed on the 

 old wood, producing a broom effect at the top and a "leggy" condition at the 

 base of the shrub. Such plants cannot grow normally or produce normal flower 



effects. 



This illustration shows the correct method of pruning hybrid tea roses in order 

 to produce large individual blooms. The portion in light lines shows the branches 

 to be removed. 



This illustration shows the hybrid tea rose pruned to produce an abundance of 

 flowers but not necessarily large individual blooms. The portion in light lines 

 shows the branches to be removed. 



This illustration shows the correct series of cuts to be made in removing la*rge 

 branches at a point close to the trunk of the trees (i is the first cut to "be made, 

 or the under cut. 2 is the second cut to be made, or the upper cut. 3 is the 

 final cut to be made, or the close cut). Note also the healing over of a correctly 

 made cut. 



C.2 ... 



This illustration shows the incorrect method of making a cut m one operation, 

 frequently causing the splitting down of the branch. Note also the attempt to 

 heal an incorrect cut, which was not made sufficiently close to tbe trunk. The 

 bark on such cuts dies back to the trunk and the new healing bark cannot grow 

 over the wound. 



D-l to D 5 



Shows correct and incorrect methods of shearing or pruning hedges. 



D-l to D-3 



Shows the correct method known as the ovoid cross section (D-i); the truncated 

 cross section (D-2); and the rectangular cross section (D-3). As a result of each 

 of these methods of pruning the hedge produces a solid foliage effect at its base. 



D-4 and D-5 



These illustrate incorrect methods of pruning known as the inverted pyramidal 

 cross section and the inverted cone cross section, both of which methods resulting 

 in a wide top and a narrow base in the cross section of the hedge produce a bare 

 effect at the base and give little foliage. 



?4 



A-l 



A-2 



A-3 



A-4 



B-l 



B-2 



C-1 



