44 THE COMPLETE GARDEN 



stable litter, in order to protect it from freezing and to make it readily avail- 

 able when the trees are transplanted. It is quite essential that this topsoil 

 should be friable at the time of planting. 

 4. When conditions are favourable for transplanting, remove the stable manure 

 from the place where the tree is to be planted, excavate the hole, dig up the 

 tree, place it in the hole, cover the roots with the topsoil, and then replace 

 the stable manure over this area. This covering will then serve as a mulch and 

 as protection against further freezing, and against evaporation in hot weather. 



After trees are planted guy wires should be set to prevent wind 

 storms from bending or tipping the trees over. It is never a safe 

 practice to transplant any large tree without supporting it with wires. 

 The reason for attaching guy wires to newly transplanted trees is two- 

 fold. First, to be sure that the tree does not blow over during a severe 

 windstorm, and second, to keep the tree from swaying without blowing 

 over and thereby loosening the root system and letting air get into the 

 soil around the roots. This second reason for guying trees is an im- 

 portant one, and is sufficient in itself to require a very careful tight- 

 ening of the wires which hold the trees in place. In placing guy 

 wires on the trunk it should be protected from injury by the use 

 of pieces of hose, bagging, or canvas. 



Protection After Transplanting. Large trees when trans- 

 planted must be amply protected against evaporation during the hot 

 summer months. This protection is given to the tree in two ways. 

 First, a mulch consisting of straw, litter, or leaves is applied to a depth 

 of six to eight inches, over an area eight to ten feet in diameter, im- 

 mediately around the base of the tree. Second, the trunk is wrapped 

 with burlap or bagging to prevent excessive drying out. Many newly 

 transplanted trees are injured by the hot rays of the sun through 

 lack of this protection which prevents a drying out of the bark and 

 cambium tissue on the exposed trunk of the tree. This drying out 

 often results in injury to large trees (as shown in Plate VII, Page 75) 

 to such an extent that the bark cracks, dries up, and becomes loosened 

 from the trunk of the tree thus exposing the inner wood immediately 

 ' under the bark. It is quite as necessary to provide suitable mulch 

 during the winter months of the next season after the transplanting, 

 as to provide one in the summer months. In a newly transplanted 

 tree a fine root growth is developed near to the surface of the ground, 

 and this root growth is easily injured by any excessive freezing and 

 thawing which may occur during a severe winter. 



