104 THE COMPLETE GARDEN 



and flowers do not develop. In the planting of crocuses late in the 

 fall it is advisable to cover the ground immediately with some fresfr 

 straw manure which will keep the temperature of the ground from be- 

 coming too cold until after the bulbs have developed slight root growth. 



Vines — ^Winter Protection of. Vines and various climbers, such 

 as climbing roses or trained fruit trees, when growing against a southern 

 or western wall, should be protected by burlap from the winter and 

 early spring sun, which may cause growth to start too soon. Very 

 tender vines, such as jasmine and some clematises and roses, can best 

 be taken down and buried, especially where local climatic conditions 

 or exposures are severe. When plants are so treated they should 

 be allowed to lie on the ground for ten days or two weeks after they 

 have been uncovered in the spring. This allows the canes time to 

 harden-ofF. 



Roses — ^Winter Protection of. Hybrid Teas and Hybrid Perpet- 

 uals in most winters can be safely carried over by hilling up the soil 

 about the plants to a height of six or eight inches, thus covering the 

 lowest six buds, and then covering the plants with hardwood leaves 

 eighteen to twenty-four inches deep. The leaves should be held in 

 place with cornstalks or brush to prevent their being blown away. A 

 three or four inch blanket of stable manure may be applied before the 

 leaves are used and a windbreak of boughs of pine or fir trees, or 

 cornstalks may be substituted for the leaves if manure is used. Cul- 

 tivation should be stopped in September to discourage late growth, but 

 the plants should be thoroughly soaked with water in October, just be- 

 fore hilling them up. This protection should be removed piecemeal in 

 the spring, to gradually harden-off the plants. 



Standard roses may be protected by laying them on the ground and 

 treating them as tender vines. This is the most satisfactory method. 

 They may also be wrapped with straw and burlap, or boxed, with a 

 filling of leaves within the box. The safest method in severe exposures 

 is that of burying them. 



Rhododendrons — Winter Protection of. Rhododendrons, other 

 broad-leaved evergreens and, to a certain extent, all other ever- 

 greens, are apt to be scalded in winter by the morning sun shining 

 through the coating of ice or snow upon the leaves, unless they are 



