372 THE COMPLETE GARDEN 



Stagger: 



To plant alternately at equal distances in a row on either side of a 

 middle line (as in the planting of hedges) or to arrange over any area 

 at equal distances without any reference to any definite line. 



Stag-head: 



Said of a tree the top of which is dead or nearly so, due to injury by 

 accident or disease. 



Stem: 



One of the three divisions of all plants, which consist of roots, stem, and 

 leaves. The stem is the ascending axis of the plant. 



Stolon: 



A branch from the stem, as distinguished from the root system. A 

 stolon roots, or is disposed to root, at intervals, thus forming a new plant. 



Stratify: 



To store seeds between layers of earth, leaves, or other material, or 

 to bury them so as to keep them fresh and moist, but not so warm 

 as to germinate. 



Straw Manure: 



Manure which contains a portion of the straw which was used for 

 bedding. Chiefly applied to the manure from stables in which straw 

 was used as bedding, as distinguished from stables in which sand, 

 sawdust, shavings, etc., are used as bedding. 



Subsoil: 



That soil lying directly beneath the topsoil; chemically similar but 

 physically different. Without special treatment it will not sustain vege- 

 tation, but on aeration will sustain some hardy plants most of which 

 are vigorous weeds. 



Suckers: 



Adventitious shoots appearing on the roots or stems of plants. When 

 they come on grafted plants, arising below the graft, they are of the 

 same variety as the root, not the variety of the top. 



Suffocating Root Systems: 



A cause of abnormal loss among newly transplanted stock, especially 

 the shallow-rooted type of trees, such as beech, maple, elm, and birch. 

 The smaller feeding roots are deprived of properly aerated soil because 

 of excessive depth of fill over the roots or because of compact clay soil 



