OF GENERA. XXi 



65. Caprimulgus (Goatsucker or Nightjar). Bill very short, 

 somewhat curved, broad and flattened at the base ; ui:)per mandible 

 curved dowmvards at the tip ; gape extending beyond the eyes ; 

 wings long ; first primary shorter than the second, which is the 

 longest. Page 288. 



Order III. SCANSORES. 



(Climbers.) 



Bill various; feet short, adapted for climbing; toes four, two 

 pointing forwards, and two backwards, or three backwards and one 

 forwards. 



Family I. PiciD^. 

 (woodpeckers.) 



Feet short, but of unusual strength ; the rigid toes diverge from 

 a centre, tAvo pointing forwards, and two backwards ; claws large, 

 much curved, and very hard and sharp; breast-bone shallow; 

 flight weak and undulating. 



QQ. Picus (Woodpecker). Beak about as long as the head, 

 robust, straight, irregular, compressed, pointed; tongue long and 

 extensile, the tip barbed ; nostrils basal, oval, concealed by reflected 

 bristly feathers ; wings with the first primary very short, fourth and 

 fifth longest ; tail-feathers graduated, stiff, and pointed. Page 292. 



67. YuNX (Wryneck). Beak shorter than the head, straight, 

 conical ; tongue long and extensile ; nostrils without bristles, partly 

 closed by a membrane ; wings with the second primary somewhat 

 the longest ; tail-feathers soft and flexible. Page 299. 



Family II. Certhid^e. 



(CREEPERS.) 



Feet with the toes pointing, three backwards, one forwards, the 

 hind one very long ; claws long, arched, much compressed, acute ; 

 bill mostly slender, acute ; wings broad and much rounded ; flight 

 weak. 



68. Certhia (Creeper). Bill rather long, slender, arched ; 

 wings moderate, the fourth primary longest ; tail graduated, the 

 middle feathers the longest, all rigid and pointed, with the shafts 

 projecting beyond the tips. Page 302. 



69. Troglodytes (Wren). BiU slender, slightly curved ; wings 

 very short, the fourth and fifth primaries the longest ; tail short, 

 the feathers soft and flexible, rounded at the extremity. Page 304. 



70. Upupa (Hoopoe). Bill longer than the head, slender, 

 slightly arched, compressed ; feathers of' the head long, forming a 

 two-ranked crest ; tail even at the extremity. Page 309. 



71. SiTTA (Nuthatch). Bill strong, straight, nearly cylindrical, 

 except at the base, where it is broad ; tongue short, pointed, horny ; 

 wings short ; tail short, the feathers soft and flexible, even at the 

 extremity. Page 311. 



