xii SYSTEMATIC ARRANGEMENT 



Sub-Family IV. Surnvice. 



Beak curved from the base ; egrets wanting ; cere small ; nostrils 

 oval : facial clisk small and incomplete ; legs and toes covered with 

 feathers. 



19. SuRNiA (Snowy and Hawk Owls). Ear small; wings 

 moderate, third primary longest. Page 57. 



20. ITocTUA (Little and Tengmalm's Owls). Ear large ; wings 

 large, third and fourth quill-feathers nearly equal in length. 



Page 59. 



Order II. PASSERES.'' 

 (Perching Birds.) 



Bill various ; feet adapted for perching on trees or on the ground 

 (not for grasping, wading, or swimming) ; toes four, all in the same 

 plane, three before and one behind ; claws slender, curved, and 

 acute. Food, various ; that of the nestlings, perhaps in all instances, 

 soft insects. 



Tribe I. DENTIROSTRES.t 



Bill with the upper mandible notched on each side near the tip ; 

 feet generally slender. 



Family I. Lanid^. 



(shrikes.) 



Bill strong, arched, and hooked, the upper mandible strongly 

 notched after the manner of the Falconid^ ; claws adapted for 

 capturing insects and even small birds. 



21. Lanius (Shrike, or Butcher Bird). Bill short, flattened 

 vertically (compressed) at the sides ; gape furnished with bristly 

 feathers directed forwards ; wings with the first three primaries 

 graduated, the third and fourth being the longest. Page 61. 



Family II. Muscicapid^. 



(flycatchers.) 



Bill broad, flattened horizontally (depressed), slightly toothed, 

 and adapted for capturing small flying insects ; feet for the most 

 part feeble. J 



22. MusciCAPA (Flycatcher). Bill moderate, somewhat l;ri- 

 angular, depressed at the base, compressed towards the tip, which 

 is slightly curved downwards ; gape armed with stiff" bristles ; 

 tarsus equal to or longer than the middle toe ; side toes of equal 

 length ; wings with the first primary very short, and the third and 

 fourth longest. Page 67. 



* See "Gosse's Natural History, Birds," p. 28. (S.P.C.K.) 

 + Ibid- p. 76. t Ibid. p. 101. 



