4 PELECANIDA 
scattered straight plumes; throat and front of cheeks, 
white; back and wings, greenish-brown and_ black ; 
primaries, black; breast and abdomen, dark bluish-black ; 
large pure white patch on the flanks; tail (of fourteen 
feathers) black. 
Adult female nuptial.—Resembles the male plumage, 
but is duller, with a shorter crest. 
Adult winter, male and female.—The crest is very short; 
throat and front of cheeks, impure white; white on the 
flanks replaced by bluish-black. 
Immature, male and female.—Plumage chiefly dark 
brown, the breast and abdomen being a paler shade, mottled 
with white. 
Beak. Brown (except the basal part of the lower 
segment and the throat-pouch, which are yellow); hooked 
at the extremity. 
Fret.! Black. 
Ir1pEs. Bright green. 
AVERAGE MEASUREMENTS. 
TOTAL LENGTH ... ... 36 in. Female smaller. 
WING Se. eee ae 
BEAK KS fa ie AN ieee 
'TARSO-METATARSUS. DOs 
i Dteres 215 xX Aba 
Allied Species and Representative Forms—P. nove- 
hollandie is the Australian and New Zealand form. 
1 The term FEET is here used in its strict morphological sense, and 
includes not simply the toes, and, in the case of water-birds, the webs, 
but also the tarso-metatarsi (the so-called ‘‘ legs” or “‘ tarsi”). In most 
birds the feet are covered with scales, and the legs with feathers, 
excepting a very limited portion immediately above the ankle-joints. 
In this region the legs are clothed with scales which are usually the 
same colour as those of the tarso-metatarsi, and do not call for a sepa- 
rate description. Most birds support themselves on their toes, but 
some species, such as the Auks, Divers and Grebes, frequently bring 
the whole foot in contact with the ground when standing. 
