126 ANATID/A® 
Adult winter, male and female. —Similar to the respective 
nuptial plumages. 
Immature, male and female-——Resembles the female 
plumage, but the brown on the front of the head is finely 
spotted with white: 
Beak. Slate-grey with a black tip. 
FEET. Dull slate-grey ; webs nearly black. 
IrniDES. Bright golden-yellow. 
AVERAGE MEASUREMENTS. 
TOTAL LENGTH ... aie ts | 2S sia 
WING Ae Lae oe ES - 
BEAK ane re cee rae meme Bay (3 oor 
TARSO-METATARSUS if a 
exe: 23. 5c Maauae 
SCAUP-DUCK.! Fuligula marila (Linneus). 
Coloured Figures. —Gould, ‘Birds of Great Britain,’ vol. v, 
pl. 24; Dresser, ‘Birds of Europe,’ vol. vi, pl. 436; 
Lilford, ‘ Coloured Figures,’ vol. vii, pl. 46. 
The presence of the Scaup-Duck is a feature of bird-lfe 
on the coast ; it is essentially marine in its habits, and even 
when, under exceptional circumstances, it 1s met with on 
fresh water, the locality is usually adjacent to the sea. This 
Duck is a common winter-visitor to our Isles, arriving about 
October and departing in March or April. After the main 
body of migrants has arrived, Scaups do not apparently 
become more plentiful with the onset of severe weather, 
as inland lakes, not being frequented, cannot, when frost- 
bound, reinforce the numbers of those birds on tidal waters. 
The Scaup is not a wary bird. I have passed, when sailing 
on the open sea, within sixty yards of large flocks. 
During heavy gales, shallow creeks and salt-water channels 
are often thickly studded with these Ducks. In the severe 
‘A Duck ‘so-called because she feeds upon Scawp, 7.e., broken 
shel-fish,”’ as may be seen in Willughby’s Ornithology (p. 365); but it 
would be more proper to say that the name comes from the ‘* Mussel- 
scaups” or ‘* Mussel-sealps,”’ the beds of rock or sand on which mussels 
(Mytilus edulis, and other species) are aggregated’ (Newton). 
