148 ANATIDAi 
obliquely across the middle of the wing, and a small white 
patch behind and below each eye. 
Adult male, post-nuptial or eclipse.—Somewhat resembles 
the adult female plumage, but darker in shade and inter- 
spersed with black feathers. 
Adult female nuptial_—Back and wings, dark brown ; 
breast and abdomen, lighter in shade; the white patch 
extends in front of as well as behind the eye, and the wing- 
bar is smaller and less distinct than in the male. 
Adult winter, male and female.—Similar to the respective 
nuptial plumages. 
Immature, male and female.—Resembles the female in 
plumage. 
Beak. Yellow; ‘basal protuberance’ black, from which 
a thin dark line is prolonged in an oblique direction above 
each nostril to the tip; lower margin of the upper segment 
of the-beak, black. 
Fret. Orange red; webs, blackish-brown. 
Irwes. Light greyish-white. 
AVERAGE MEASUREMENTS. 
TOTAL LENGTH 3 ie QO hati: 
WING ... a a mle, 
iH AK ee: ae o Dee Plies Nat 
TARSO-METATARSUS ... Pe eat igt5 ree 
ADrexes ise ee JIS Pia 
Allied Species and Representative Forms.-—Ci. carbo is 
the true Eastern representative, and Gf. velvetina, a smaller 
bird with a different beak, is the North American form 
(Saunders). 
SURF-SCOTER. CMdemia perspicillata (Linneus). 
Colowred Figures.—Gould, ‘ Birds of Great Britain,’ vol. v, pl. 
30; Dresser, ‘Birds of Europe,’ vol. vi, pl. 450; Lilford, 
‘Coloured Figures,’ vol. vii, pl. 57. 
The home of the Surf-Scoter is North America, but 
wanderers have occasionally found their way to our shores, 
chiefly along the western sea-board. This Duck was first 
