IVORY GULL 451 
with black, below which is a greyish portion, followed by 
a broader black neck-band; inner secondaries and some of 
the wing-coverts, dappled with brownish-black ; first four 
primaries, blackish on the outer and on part of the inner 
webs ; tail, broadly banded terminally with blackish-brown. 
Beak. Greenish-yellow. 
Freer. Blackish ; hind-toe, extremely small.' 
IrtDEs. Blackish-brown. 
AYERAGE MEASUREMENTS. 
TOTAL LENGTH ... es a lpr a tina, 
WING ae tS): att Pe ed na 
BEAK ee nee Ber As a Sits) as 
TTARSO-METATARSUS es Le Any Oe 
i Dxeres a: aM: ae Be pS > Call) aa) 
Allied Species and Representative Forms.—R. brevirostris 
of Brandt, has orange-red feet and darker back and wings 
than our bird. Itis found between Alaska and Kamtschatka. 
IVORY GULL. Pagophila eburnea (Phipps). 
Coloured Figures.—Gould, ‘ Birds of Great Britain,’ vol. v, pl. 
62; Dresser, ‘ Birds of Europe,’ vol. viii, pl. 595; Lilford, 
‘Coloured Figures,’ vol. vi, pl. 30. 
The first recorded British specimen of this Gull was 
taken in the winter of 1822 in the Shetland Islands. The 
capture was made known by the late Dr. L. Edmonston, in 
a paper read before the Wernerian Society of Edinburgh. 
The bird was presented to the Edinburgh Museum (Bewick, 
‘ British Birds’). Several examples have since been secured 
from the same Islands, as well as from the Orkneys and 
the Outer Hebrides.’ 
On the mainland of Scotland the bird has been recorded 
! The hind-toe is better developed in some of the Kittiwakes which 
frequent Behring Sea, though this variation is not necessarily pre- 
scriptive of northern races. Even in the same individual the hind-toe 
may vary considerably in development. 
”» This Gull was added to the ‘ Fauna of the Outer Hebrides,’ by 
the late Mr. Buckley, who recorded a specimen from Stornoway, 
January, 1890 (Harvie-Brown, ‘ Avifauna Of The Outer Hebrides,’ 1888- 
1902; Ann. Scot. Nat. Hist., 1903, p. 16). 
