LITTLE AUK 493 
Allied Species and Representative Forms.—U. mandti, 
an Arctic form, with 12 tail-feathers, with the bases of 
the feathers forming the wing-patch, pure white, and the 
black with a distinct ereen tinge, is common in the waters 
of Spitzbergen, Novaya Zemlya, Franz Josef Land, Arctic 
Siberia and round to Behring Sea. U. columba, with 
14 tail-feathers, and a black V-shaped bar on the white 
wing-coverts, frequents the latter waters, while U. carbo, 
with 14 tail-feathers and with no white cn the wings, is 
found further south, extending its range to Japan in 
winter. U. snowt, an Eastern representative entirely 
black, or with narrow white tips to the wing-coverts, and 
14 tail-feathers, ranges from Southern Kamtschatka ‘to 
Japan. 
LITTLE AUK. Mergulus alle (Linneus). 
Coloured Figures.—Gould, ‘Birds of Great Britain,’ vol. v, pl. 
50; Dresser, ‘ Birds of Europe,’ vol. viii, pl. 624; Lilford, 
‘Coloured Figures,’ vol. vi, pl. 42. 
As a British species this sturdy little sea-bird is not 
plentiful, though it visits our seas with fair regularity in the 
winter months. It occurs chiefly in the north, less fre- 
quently down the eastern seaboard of England. 
It visits the Welsh coast probably every winter, while 
in Ireland, many maritime counties, more especially in the 
north and west, bear records of its visits. 
As in Great Britain so also in Ireland, unusually large 
numbers have been obtained after heavy storms, not only 
on the coast but on inland rivers and lakes.’ As instances 
may be cited the hurricanes which raged in October, 1841,” 
and in the winters of 1893 and 1895. In the January of 
the last mentioned year, great numbers* were taken in 
Great Britain and in Ireland. 
1 According to Mr. Ussher the Little Auk has been obtained twice on 
each of the following waters :—River Shannon, Lough Erne and Lough 
Neagh. 
* After this gale specimens were secured in two inland counties, viz., 
Kilkenny and Queen’s Co. (Ussher). 
3 On the Norfolk coast alone Mr. A. Patterson gives 302 as the 
numbers taken in January, 1895 (‘ Zoologist,’ 1901, p. 297). 
