RED-NECKED GREBE 521 
Geographical distribution. —'The Red-necked Grebe 
breeds over a considerable area of Temperate Europe, 
extending across the Continent from Denmark to Russia. 
Southward it may be traced as a nesting-species to the 
Black Sea, and northward to Norway. In Asia, it breeds as 
far as Eastern Turkestan and Siberia. On migration in 
autumn and winter it reaches the Mediterranean, crossing 
to North Africa. 
DESCRIPTIVE CHARACTERS. 
PLUMAGE. Adult male nuptial——Top of head and back 
of neck, glossy blackish-brown ; these feathers are elongated, 
forming a very slight crest, but no ‘tippet’ is discernible ; 
cheeks, chin, and throat, greyish ; ; feathers below the eye have 
white edgings which form a conspicuous streak, which also 
borders the grey of the cheeks and throat behind; back, 
scapulars, wings, rump, and upper tail-coverts, dark brown, 
with grey gloss ; front and sides of neck, rich reddish-brown ; 
breast, abdomen, and under tail-coverts, silky-white ; upper 
breast, sides, and flanks, mottled brownish : primaries, and 
outer secondaries, ash-brown; inner secondaries’ white ; 
lesser wing-coverts, white, forming an alar bar along the 
edge of the wing. 
Adult female nuptial.—Similar to the male plumage. 
Adult winter, male and female.-—Resembles the nuptial 
plumage, except ‘that the chin, throat, and upper fore-neck 
are silvery white, and the cheeks, and the base of the fore- 
neck, are brownish-white. 
Immature, male and female. — Resembles the adult 
winter-plumage but the general shading is less distinct. 
Brak. Dark brownish-black, with a yellow base. 
FrEetr. Dull greenish-brown. 
Iripes. Yellowish-white, not red as in other Grebes. 
AVERAGE MEASUREMENTS. 
TROPA LENGTH»... oy bs lSeretiae 
WING ot a ae Site hee 
BEAK ies oe dae) brome. 
TTARSO-METATARSUS an Ret ge aS 
HGe ee ne ae ewes Moca 
