524 PODICIPEDID Ai 
America. The most northern occurrence on record is that 
of a bird taken on June 23rd, on the island of Jan Mayen 
(Saunders). In winter it journeys over Temperate Hurope 
to the south of that Continent, but is scarce in the Mediter- 
ranean. Westward it reaches the Northern United States 
and has been traced as far as the Bermudas. Over the 
Continent of Asia it migrates to North India and the 
adjacent countries in that latitude, and east to Japan. 
DESCRIPTIVE CHARACTERS. 
PLUMAGE. Adult male nuptial—In spring (not earher 
than April), this Grebe develops a pair of great ‘ horns’ or 
‘tufts’ of golden-brown feathers which jut out from the 
sides and top of the head, giving the bird a most striking 
aspect, ‘‘the head (being surrounded, as it were, by a 
nimbus or aureole, such as that with which painters adorn 
saintly characters) reflecting the rays of hight, and glittering 
with a glory that passes description”? (Newton). ‘Top of 
head, forehead, and chin, black; throat encircled with a 
‘tippet’ of a similar colour; back, scapulars, wings, upper 
tail-coverts, and rump, dark brownish-black ; back of neck, 
dark blackish-grey ; front and sides of neck, upper breast, 
sides, and flanks, rich reddish-brown ; lower breast and abdo- 
men, white; under tail-coverts, dusky ; secondaries, chiefly 
whitish, except the outer ones which hke the primaries 
are dusky or ash-brown. 
Adult female nuptial.—The head-garniture is not so 
highly developed as in the male, otherwise the sexes are 
similar in plumage. 
Adult winter, male and female.—‘ Horns’ and ‘ tippet’ 
absent ; lower throat and flanks, streaked with hght grey ; 
chin, cheeks, upper throat, breast, abdomen, and under tail- 
coverts, white. 
Immature, male and female. — Resembles the adult 
winter-garb, but the breast and abdomen are brownish- 
white and there is a greyish shading on the cheeks. 
Beak. Blackish, white at the tip. 
Feet. Dark olive or greyish-black, shading to pale 
slate-colour on the inner surface. 
IrtpEs. Red; narrow white rim round pupil. 
