TURNSTONE. 291 



abundant than in England, and the same may be said of 

 Ireland, especially the deeply indented and sea-weed covered 

 coast of the west. 



This cosmopolitan species breeds in Greenland and in 

 Iceland, and is supposed to do so in the Faeroes ; but its 

 best known and most accessible breeding-haunts are on the 

 coasts and islands of Scandinavia. It has occurred on 

 Sj)itsbergen and in Novaya Zemlya, and appears to be found 

 in summer along the northern coast of both European and 

 Asiatic Siberia as far as Behring's Straits. On migration, 

 it is found on all the coasts and islands of Europe, and has 

 been obtained in such inland districts as Savoy, Bohemia, 

 and Central Eussia ; it crosses the great Asiatic ranges on 

 its way from Siberia to India, where a small number winter ; 

 it occurs in Japan, and it visits the coast of China during 

 the cold season. Southwards it is found ranging throughout 

 Malaysia, down to the south of Australia, Tasmania, and 

 New Zealand ; it has occurred in many of the islands of 

 Polynesia ; and along the west coast of South America 

 from the Straits of Magellan to Mexico. Between the latter 

 and Alaska this species is represented by Strepsilas melano- 

 cephalus, in which the dark plumage is unrelieved by russet. 

 On the east coast of America it is found from the Arctic 

 regions in summer, to the Antilles and Guiana in winter ; in 

 the Atlantic islands ; and down both coasts of Africa, and 

 on the great inland lake Nyassa ; also in Madagascar. It 

 would, indeed, be easier to say where it has not occurred. 

 In the Azores, Mr. Godman shot examples in breeding- 

 plumage at Flores in June, and believes that the species 

 breeds there ; and Dr. Bolle is of the same opinion with 

 regard to some of the Canary Islands : Mr. Layard also 

 thinks that it breeds near Cape Town, but as yet no eggs 

 are known to have been obtained in the Old World south of 

 the shores of the Baltic. 



The late Mr. Hewitson has given the following description 

 of his experiences when on the coast of Norway : — 



" We had visited numerous islands with little encourage- 

 ment, and were about to laud upon a flat rock, bare except 



