The Life Hidory of Clythra qu-adri-p%mctata. 21 



that the larvas of Clythra and Gryptoccphalus live in 

 cylindrical tubes which they drag about with them. He 

 describes the larva and case of a Clythra, explaining that 

 the case is made of the excrement of the larvae, which 

 they place on with their mandibles. He mentions that 

 the larva turns round in the case to pupate, and the beetle 

 emerges through the broad end. He also points out that 

 the $ covers the egg with her excrement. 



A. Chevrolat (Revue Ent, Silbermann, iii, p. 265, 

 1835) records again finding in the centre of an ants' nest 

 an isolated larva (coleopterous) which resembled that of 

 Clythra. He describes this case, which he says is made of 

 glutinous earth mixed with little stones, one end being 

 closed by the head of the larva, which was smooth, black, 

 and scaly. 



Dr. Schmidt (Stet. Ent. Ztg., 1841, pp. 146-151), in 

 a paper on Clythra quadri-p^mdata and its nearest allies, 

 refers to Schaller's observations on the larvae, mentioning 

 that he has also had the opportunity to study them. 



Maerkel (Germar. Zeitschr. f Ent., iii, p. 221, 1841) 

 describes the larval case of Clythra quadrisignata, many of 

 which he had found in ants' nests. He mentions that the 

 larva fastened up the open end of the case before pupation, 

 and that the beetle came out at the other end. He then 

 suggests that perhaps the larva of Clythra quadri-pu7ictata 

 does not live with ants. 



Rosenhauer (Stet. Ent. Ztg., 1842, p. 50) records finding 

 a Clythra case in a nest of Formica ri(fa, from which 

 Clythra ^-%nLnctata hatched out. He describes the case 

 and larva, and says it must now be found out how the 

 case is made, and what the larva feeds on. 



Maerkel (Germar. Zeitschr. f. Ent., v, p. 254, 1844) states 

 that according to Rosenhauer the larva of Clythra quadri- 

 pundata lives in the nest of Formica rufa. 



Lacordaire (Monog. des Coleopt. sub. de la Form, des 

 Phytogapha, t. ii, p. 13, 1848) describes the larvae, larval 

 cases and egg-cases of Clythra. He states that the larval 

 case is made of excrement, and not, as supposed heretofore, 

 of earth. He mentions that the ^ encloses the egg with 

 her excrement. He suggests that when the larval case is 

 closed, it is as a protection against the cold, and states 

 that the larval case of Clythra 4<-ptcnctata has up to now 

 only been found with Formica rufa. 



Vallot (Revue Zoolog., ix, p. 180, 1848) describes Clythra 



