396 Mr. G. A. K. Marshall on 



They may be considered as parallel to the Nymphcdinas 

 among Rhopalocera. In both we have a great preponder- 

 ance of species with cryptic habits and colouring, while 

 genera mimetic of the most distasteful groups of their 

 respective Orders are also common. In some of these 

 examples the mimicry is almost certainly MllUerian, as in 

 the case of Ncptis and Limcnitis among the NymjihaHntV 

 and Cymatura and Ocro^j/cszs among Longicorns. Further- 

 more, the Chjtinx, and CallichrominiG have been shown by 

 Mr. Shelford to be mimicked in Borneo on a large scale by 

 other Longicorns, although the former tend strongly to 

 mimic Aculcates in nearly all parts of the world. Simi- 

 larly, there is good reason for thinking that the genera 

 Neptis and Limcnilis, which may be mimetic, are also 

 themselves mimicked by other Nyinplialinx, etc. 



There remain the remarkable cases of the CicindelidiB, 

 CarabidiV, and CurcuHo7iidx., which are probably without any 

 strict analogy in the Lepidoptera. The two former require 

 special mention, the last-named are treated separately on 

 pp. 522-525. 



CiCiNDELID^. These Coleoptera supply models for 

 mimicry by a Locustid in Borneo, and Mr. Shelford also 

 considers that one of them is mimicked by a fly. They 

 are also known to be mimicked by Longicorns. Many 

 South African Cieinddidm are convergent towards, or 

 mimetic of, CarahidiV, especially those of the latter which 

 are themselves convergent towards Ahitd/iiL-c (see pp. 511- 

 515). Some of the species have a peculiar scent. On the 

 other hand, their swift movements and retiring habits are 

 inconsistent with a high form of special protection. 



CarabidyE. Mimicked in Borneo by a Locustid. 

 Probably more strongly defended by the possession of 

 anal glands than arc the CirindcIidiV, and in the com- 

 binations between the two families it is seen that the 

 latter have approached the former, rather than vice versa. 

 Certain groups of Carahid/c form pseud- or synaposematic 

 combinations with the Galcrucin/v and also with the 

 MutillidiV. The South African smaller and moderate- 

 sized diurnal species have habits very similar to the 

 CiclnddidcV, but are not so swift. They commonly pos- 

 sess directive marks indicating the specially- protected 

 anal region. The largest South African species {Anthia) 

 have a very large charge of the defensive secretion and 

 extremely powerful mandibles. They Ireely expose them- 



