The Bionomics of South African Insects. 487 



and their primary model are less prouounced in the 

 northern part of the range, in British East Africa, where 

 the Amauris is often larger and commonly possesses far 

 more distinct sub-marginal spots on the upper-side. It is 

 interesting to compare other mimics of cchcria with the 

 members of the group captured by Mr. Marshall at 

 Malvern on March 25, 1897. 



The female of Pscudacrxa tarqidnici is a poorer mimic 

 of echcria than Euralia mima and Papilio ccnea $, although 

 upon the Aving the resemblance is doubtless strong. In size 

 it closely approaches the model : it has a slightly-scalloped 

 border, and an iiregular oval spot with a direction similar 

 to that of the other mimics ; the marginal spots are small 

 as in the southern echcricc. On the under-side of the 

 hind-wing is a basal brown patch with conspicuous round 

 black spots as in many Planemas. In the development of 

 internervular black stripes invading the squarish ochreous 

 patch on the hind-wing it resembles Euralia and diverges 

 from the Danaine model. 



The female of Pcqnliojachsoni, in the shape and direction 

 of the spot below the cell on the upper-side of the fore- 

 wing, far more closely resembles cchcria than any other 

 mimic I have seen. On the other hand, the hind-wing is 

 deeply scalloped, the effect being much intensified by 

 white-margined concavities, the sub-marginal spots are 

 as a whole larger than those of any other mimic, while 

 the under-surface of the hind-wing exhibits very little 

 approach towards the Amauris, retaining the basal, black- 

 spotted brown triangle of the male, that well-known 

 synaposeme and pseudaposeme of many Ethiopian 

 Papilios, Planemas, Acra3as, Elymnias, Pseudacrseas, etc., 

 unknown in the Ethiopian DancdniV. Thus, in addition 

 to its primary mimicry of echcria, var. alhimaculata, 

 jacksoni manifests secondary mimetic resemblance to the 

 former grouj) of Rhopalocera, especially the Planemas, and 

 also an approach to other mimics of cchcria in its con- 

 spicuous sub-marginal spots and deeply-scalloped border. 

 The general effect of the spotting of the fore-wing is also 

 more like that of P. ceiiccc, and even of Euralia mima, 

 than its primary model. 



The female of the south-eastern Painlio cchcrioidcs is 

 very similar to that o( jacksoni, but the spot below the 

 cell of the fore-wing is oval and in shape and direction 

 more nearly resembles that of Pctpilio ccnea. 



