508 Mr. G. A. K. Marshall on 



caught a long series of them. It seems clear they were 

 not imiuigrauts from Durban, but what caused their 

 appearance in such unusual numbers it is difficult to 

 understand. I may mention that in the last few years 

 Mr. Bali has caught two B. wahlbergi but has never seen 

 dominicanus. While there, I saw six females of P. cenea, 

 two of each of the three forms." 



31. Warning Colours and Mimicry (almost wholly 

 Mullerian) in South African Coleoptera. 

 (G.A.K.M., E.B.P.) 



[In the groups described below, Coleoptera play a 

 dominant part, either making up the whole or, except in 

 the case of the Mutilloid group, acting as models for other 

 insects. In tliis one exception the chief interest centres 

 in the Coleoptera, and therefore the group is included 

 here. A certain number of mimetic Coleoptera will be 

 mentioned elsewhere in other groups which have collected 

 round various types of Hymen opterous models. 



In the present section the extraordinary predominance 

 of Mullerian associations in South African Coleoptera stands 

 out as the most prominent conclusion. — E. B. P.] 



A. Peculiar Warning Patterns and Directive j\rarhs in 

 Carahidiv and Cicindelid.v. (E. B. P., G. A. K. M.) 



Some of the warning patterns of the large Carahidic of 

 the genus Antliia are very remarkable and effective, and 

 their development and relationship iu the different species 

 extremely interesting. 



Six illustrative examples are figured on Plate XVI [. 

 In Fig. 21 we see the ancestral appearance, the uniform 

 black of so many large Carabids, in A)dhia niassilicatct. 

 Mr. Marshall's account of the habits of the South African 

 members of the genus, printed on page 510, shows that 

 such a beetle is highly conspicuous. It is no doubt an 

 advantage, however, to gain easily-recognizable distinctive 

 marks on the black ground of the exposed dorsal surface, 

 and we find that the species of Aiithia do, as a rule, possess 

 two or more wdiitc patches upon some part of this area. 

 The pair of elongated thoracic white patches, in A. i?etersi 

 (Fig. 22), are borne upon the sides of a thorax which is very 

 like that oi massilicata,\v\\\\Q in A. thoracica (Fig. 23) this 

 part of the body is greatly widened and the white patches 



