514 Mr. G. A. K. Marshall on 



or on a superficial view, or during rapid movement, for 

 the still more formidable MiUillidx and ants. Hence, 

 although the smaller species of this group resemble the 

 latter, and the larger the former, markings are neverthe- 

 less retained which serve to connect the.se Culeoptera 

 together, and enable the experience gained in an attack 

 on one of them to be of service in preventing the waste of 

 life in many other species. For the same reason we can 

 understand another curious inter-relationship, viz. that 

 there is a superficial resemblance between different genera 

 of Caralndie and between Cicindelichv and Carabidx. 

 Running through, but not concealing the resemblance to 

 the Hymenoptera, is a resemblance between the Cole- 

 opterous mimics themselves. Thus there is the likeness 

 described by Mr. Marsliall on p. 512, between Gra2')hiptenLS 

 antlohanns and Piezia selousi (compare Plate XVII, figs. 

 14 and 15), while the remarkable likeness of the Cicin- 

 de/idiV to the Carahid/e Avill be at once appreciated when 

 Figs. 17, 18 and 19 are compared with 15 and 16. The 

 same explanation is doubtless valid. The Cicindelidw arc 

 less powerful than the Carahida}, but many of them emit 

 a peculiar scent, and the genus Tricondyla is closely 

 mimicked in Borneo by the Locustid Condylodcra tricondy- 

 loidcs. We can well understand that it is to the advan- 

 tage of Cicindelidm to be one with another and more 

 powerful set of Coleoptera, even though it may be a 

 further and probably greater advantage to resemble the 

 3futillidR', a resemblance which is also involved in the 

 appearance they have gained. If this explanation be 

 sound we shall expect also to find examples of the same 

 kind of likeness between Cicindelidx and Caralidiv which 

 do not resemble these Hymenoptera. Plate XVII shows 

 that this is undoubtedly a fact, for the all-black Folyhirma 

 houcardi (Fig. 13) is seen to be strongly resembled by a 

 Cicindelid, Myrmccoptcra jw/y/ii^'wioiV/t'S, var. mashuna 

 (Fig. 20j, belonging to the same genus as the three white- 

 marked species ligured in the same Plate. 



The Clcridiv everywhere tend to resemble Mutillidie, 

 but they also resemble Cantharid/c, and more rarely 

 Lycidx and even Oocchwllidvv, while one gen-us is beauti- 

 fully mimicked by a Longicorn in Borneo. The first- 

 mentioned likeness is probably a marked example of 

 synaposematic colouring, and I should expect that the 

 character of the original structure and warning pattern, 



