The Bionomics of South African Insects. 525 



that hardness alone can be sufficient protection to the 

 mimicked species, such as the Bornean Diurus furcillatus, 

 and we are Jed to susj^ect the existence of unpalatability. 

 In the cabinet the specimens seem to be markedly cryptic, 

 but Mr. Shelford assures me that they are very commonly 

 found on flowers, where their dull dark colours would 

 be most conspicuous. Above all things experiments with 

 insect-eating animals are greatly needed to throw light on 

 this most puzzling and exceptional occurrence, viz. the 

 existence of large numbers of models for mimicry among 

 Rhynchophora with an apparent, and certainly in many 

 cases an actual cryptic appearance. 



32. Common Warning Colours in South African 

 Hymenoptera and the Mimicry of them by 

 Insects of other Orders. (G. A. K. M.) 



A. Group with Black Bodies and Darh Blue Wings, chief// 



Fossores. 



/ Apidee f Xylocopa liottentota (fig. 18) ; X. cari- 



(Pl. XXI) \ nata (fig. 19). 



JEumcnidie f Eumenes tinctor (figs. 14, 15) ; E. dys- 

 (Pl. XXI) \ chera (figs. 16, 17). 



Spliex bohemani (figs. 1, 2) ; S. cyaiii- 



ventris (fig. 3). 

 S. pelopeiformis (figs. 4, 5) ; S. xantho- 

 cerus (fig. 6). 

 Sphegidie ( S. umbrofiiis (fig. 7) ; Sceliphron chaly- 

 (Pl. XXI) I ba3um (fig. 8). 



Tachytesnatalensis(figs. 9, 10) ; Ammo- 



phila ludovicus (figs. 11, 12). 

 A. beniniensis (fig. 13). 

 Hymenopteka / r Salius atropos (fig. 14) ; S. vimlex (fig. 



15). 

 Pominlidic S. dodjax (fig. 16) ; S. regina (fig. 17) ; 



(PL XX) \ S. obscuriis (fig. 18). 



Pompilus sepulchralis (fig. 19) ; P. frus- 



tratus (fig. 20). 

 Elis lachesis (fig. 3) ; E. fasciatipennis 

 (figs. 4, 5). 

 Scoliadee Scolia alaris (figs. 6, 7, 8) ; S. fratenia 



(PI. XX) (figs. 9, 10). 



S. cyanea (figs. 11, 12) ; S. affinis (fig. 

 [ 13). 

 Tiphiidx. Tiphia rugosa (PI. XX, fig. 2). 



\ MidilUdee Mutilla atropos (PI. XX, fig. 1). 



