552 Explanation of Plates. 



Explanation of Plate X. 



Injuries to hind-wings of Mashonaland and Holarctic 

 Butterflies. 



Iiijuries inflicted at the anal angle or liind margin of one or both 

 liind-wings, suggesting that the insect was being pursued or, if 

 settled, approached from behind. 



All the figures are 5 of the natural size. 



All the specimens not otherwise described were captured on tlie 

 dates mentioned by Guy A. K. Marshall at Salisbury, Mashonaland, 

 5000 feet. 



Fig. 1. Llmnas chi-ysippns $ , July 14, 1!)01. 



2. Atella phahmtha $, Jan. 18, 18!)!). 



3. HypoUmnas misippus ^, April 10, 1898. Flies like its 



model clirysippus until disturbed, wdien it is swift. Settles 

 on low flowers. Lizards probable enemies. Very fresh 

 specimen. 



4. A. phidantha ^, March 2G, 1899. Character of injury 



strongly suggests a bird's beak. 



5. A. phalantha $ , Dec. 1900. 



G. Byhlia achelom ^, Feb. 25, 1899. The species of Byhll., 

 fly low at a medium pace, and settle on low plants .'.ii ; 

 occasionally on the ground, they rent at i'\,uL on i,'i'i--'-'- 

 stems. Lizards are probable en niles, I >> the character 

 of the injury rather suggt;sts a bi'd. 



7. Acrcea rahira 9, F)ec. 31, 1898. Mar h insects, "ttiing on 



flowers in low marshy j)laces \\ iizards are not 



often seen, hence birds are more probable enemies. Mr. 

 Marshall noted concerning the specimen here represented, 

 when it was in the fresh state, "judging from the state 

 of the abdomen this in-ect had been cauglit and rejected, 

 presumably by a bird."' 



8. Nijctemcra lenconoe, Aprils, 1901. Never settles on ground. 



It almost invariably covers its hind-wings directly it 

 settles, assuming a A shape, although it occasionally 

 walks a short distance with its Avings erect. The injury 

 was almost certainly inflicted during flight by a bird. 



9. Pijrameis cardui, var. 9) J'^n- 1900. Often settles on 



ground. Lizards ])robable enemies. 

 10. Biiblia ilithyia S, Jan. 27, 1899. 

 H. B. ilithyia ^, Feb. 1, 1899. 



