726 Dr. T. A. Chapman or 



definite races due apparently to segregation from the 

 females beiug apterous, is in the case of Luffia fcrchaultclla. 

 As this species has no males, the segregation is of course 

 even more stringent, and we find here that different races 

 differ to the extent of having different numbers of joints 

 in their tarsi (Tutts. Brit. Lep. Vol. II., Ent. Rec. Vol. 

 XIIL). 



Seeing that these three forms of H. 2^aradoxa occur 

 within a few miles of each other, and that the species 

 occur over a very large area, how large I don't know, as I 

 do not know precisely its range, but certainly I imagine 

 several hundred miles across, there must be room for 

 many other distinct races of the species, and the question 

 may easily be asked whether such variations may not 

 bridge over the difference between H. ■paradoxa and H. 

 2Kndla. Very possibly they may. It is not much use 

 speculating, what is wanted is more knowledge of the 

 colonies that probably exist in the northern half of Spain. 

 Rambur named a third species, from the neighbourhood of 

 Barcelona, but from very inadequate material. Kirby 

 accepts this as a good species, all other authorities have 

 treated it as merely jjaradoxa. 



In the meantime the differences between penella and 

 paradoxa are as definite as any usually considered sufficient 

 to discriminate species. I have no hesitation in regarding 

 them, as I know them, as abundantly distinct, even after 

 making every allowance for the tendency of many species 

 in Spain to be larger and paler than their northern 

 representatives. 



It may be useful to give a few notes on the differences 

 between the species. 



The newly-hatched larva3 present very important differ- 

 ences that have perhaps more specific value than any 

 others. 



The plate on the first thoracic segment has a dark mark 

 of much the same form in both, but in j^cadla it is darker 

 shading on the plate, without very definite form, but 

 shading off into the colourless part of the plate, while in 

 parodam it is so definitely outlined that one takes it to be 

 the actual plate of this peculiar form. 



Pcnclla has the usual tubercles with finely spiculated 

 hairs, and the general surface of the skin is finely spicu- 

 lated. Taradoxxi has in addition a number of peculiar 

 tubercles of which no trace exists in iKnclhi, these carry 



