728 Dr. T. A. Chairman on 



of the tibia, in imradoxa about f from the proximal end, 

 the longer spur (jKuella) being, as it so frequently is, 

 correlated with the most plumose antenna. 



I have not seen it noted that each antennal joint carries 

 two pairs of the pectinations, so that there is only half the 

 number of antennal joints that there at first seems to be, 

 2 basal and 18 (not 3G) with plumules = 20 varying in 

 'jJcncUa to 19 and 18. 



The parasites of H. paradoxa are very destructive to it. 

 My notes might refer to two sets of parasites, one of 

 hcjarensis, the other oi 'incdrahitiv.. I believe they would be 

 more correctly interpreted as referring to ,^s and ^s, but 

 the latter view would have to be modified by a strong 

 suspicion I have, that what appear to be male cocoons 

 are really merely the cocoons of larva; that are to grow 

 no larger, because they are parasitised, and so spin a small 

 cocoon that one takes for that of a male larva, whereas it 

 may be really a female whose growth is checked by the 

 parasite. 



However this may be, I collected many $ cocoons of 

 H. hrj'arensis, and from them bred luany Tachinid diptera 

 of a smallish species {Blrpharidca {Ccratockivtu) ])7xvia, 

 B. B.) ; one specimen of a larger species was also bred from 

 a Piedrahita $ (the same species also emerged from Orgyia 

 aurolimhata), also many Chalcids. No male hejarcnsis 

 having been collected, no parasites were bred from them. 



Many male, or apparently male cocoons were collected 

 at Piedrahita, of which some 05 per cent, produced 

 ichneumons. These were of two species. One spins an 

 oval cocoon Avithin that of the Ilcterogynis, after emerging 

 from the larva of its host, and produces Casinaria orhitalis, 

 Gra. In the case of the other, the Heterogynis either 

 changes to pupa or appears to die as a larva, in both cases 

 Phnpht scanica, Vill., emerges, by cutting out a lid in the 

 dead skin of its host. In two instances at least a Pimpla 

 scanica emerged from a cocoon of the Casinaria. As 

 hyperparasitism is not recorded for Pimpla (I believe), and 

 as the present species is a simple direct parasite on the 

 Heterogynis, the hyperparasitism must here be an accident ; 

 the larva of P. scanica, finding its host occupied also by a 

 larva of Casinaria orhita/is, solved the awkwaid situation 

 by entering the body of its fellow-guest, as it nuist have 

 been within the Casinaria when that spun its cocoon. 

 Such at least is a possible explanation, though it involves 



