( xiii ) 



groups, one with a conspicuous pattern of black and red with 

 a black membrane, or a white membrane through which 

 the black body is more or less clearly seen ; another pale 

 yellow with black transverse bars. The first of these groups 

 is composed of Lygeeid and Reduviid species, the second of 

 Pyrrhocorid and Eeduviid. To return to the Aculeate-centred 

 groups, the Mtitillidx are resembled by Carahidse and 

 Ciciiidelidiv, and yet there is also a secondai"y resemblance 

 between these two latter, which becomes primary in the case 

 of species which do not resemble the Mthtillidee. In other 

 cases small slender Carabkhv of the genus Atractonota primarily 

 resemble ants in movement and appearance, and yet secondarily 

 resemble other species of Carahidse, in the markings by which 

 these latter resemble the MutiUidiV. These complex inter- 

 relationships suggest proto-, deutero-, and perhaps trito- 

 synaposematic resemblances for the Milllerian associations, 

 proto-, deutero-, and perhaps, tritopseudaposematic resem- 

 blances for the Batesian. 



Another important group has for its centre three species 

 of ants, resembled by a Pyrrhocorid bug of a new genus, 

 Megapetus, described by Mr. Distant in his Appendix, and a 

 little Locustid of the genus Myrmecojyhana, with the parts of 

 the body which would interfere with the likeness to an ant 

 obliterated, upon the plant on which the insect occurs, by 

 their green colour. Examples of all these were taken on one 

 plant in a single day. 



Nearly all groups here shortly described were illustrated by 

 photographs projected on the screen. A brief account of 

 some of the chief results of Mr. Marshall's work was read 

 before Section D of the British Association at Bradford (1900), 

 and published in abstract in The Report (p. 793). 



The number of new facts is so large, the experiments so 

 numerous and complete, and the range of observation ex- 

 tended over so many orders in addition to the usually-studied 

 Lepidoptera, that this memoir places South Africa in the 

 first i-ank as the country from which the chief evidence in 

 support of existing theories of Mimicry, Warning Colours, etc., 

 has been supplied. 



A discussion ensued in which Mr. F. Merrifield, Dr. F. A. 



