472 FRINGILLID^. 



visiter at Southchurch in Essex, according to the observations 

 of Mr. Parsons. It is found in Suffolk, Norfolk, Cambridge- 

 shire, Rutland, Lincolnshire, about Wainfleet, in Yorkshire 

 at various localities ; in Durham, and probably in Northum- 

 berland ; but I am unable to trace it much farther north than 

 Newcastle, and it does not appear to have been noticed in 

 Scotland. 



Professor Nilsson includes the Tree Sparrow in his work 

 on the Birds of Sweden, and also in his Fauna of Scandinavia, 

 where he says it frequents gardens ; and some authors have 

 stated that this bird was found as far to the west of the Eu- 

 ropean Continent as Hudson's Bay and North America ; but 

 this appears to have been a mistake, and refers to another 

 species. The geographical range of the Tree Sparrow is to 

 the northward and the eastward ; it inhabits Lapland and 

 Siberia : specimens have been received by Mr. Gould from the 

 Himalaya mountain range and from China, and M. Tem- 

 minck includes it also in his birds of Japan. In the south- 

 ern part of Europe it is well known, being rather a common 

 bird in France, Provence, Spain, and Italy. 



In summer the beak of the male is of a bluish lead colour ; 

 the irides hazel ; the head and neck chestnut, bounded with 

 ^vhite on each side of the neck ; the back and wings reddish 

 brown, streaked with pure black ; both sets of wing-coverts 

 black, edged with chestnut and tipped with white ; primaries 

 black, margined with brown ; tertials broadly edged with 

 chestnut brown ; rump and upper tail-coverts uniform pale 

 brown ; tail-feathers greyish brown, with lighter brown edges ; 

 chin and throat black ; under the eye and over the ear-coverts 

 a narrow black streak ; cheeks, and sides of the neck, with a 

 triangular spot of pure black : breast, belly, and under tail- 

 coverts, dull brownish white, darker on the sides and flanks; 

 under coverts of the wings pale fawn colour; legs, toes, and 

 claws, pale brown. 



