512 FRINGILLID.E. 



parts of America and Asia as well as Europe ; and M. Tcm- 

 minck mentions having received specimens from Japan. 



The beak is much larger than that of the Common Red- 

 pole, but of the same form, and yellowish brown, the under 

 mandible being the lightest in colour ; the irides dusky 

 brown ; in winter the feathers of the forehead dark red ; back 

 of the head, neck, upper part of the back, and the smaller 

 wing-coverts, a mixture of dark and light brown, the middle 

 of each feather being the darkest part ; the smaller wing- 

 coverts tipped Avitli dull white, forming a short bar ; the 

 greater wing-coverts uniform dark brown, with broader ends 

 of dull white, forming a conspicuous bar; quill-feathers grey- 

 ish brown ; the primaries with narrow, and the tertials with 

 broader outer edges, of dull white ; lower part of the back, 

 the rump, and upper tail-coverts, mealy, or greyish white, 

 with a few dark brown streaks ; tail-feathers greyish brown, 

 with light brown edges, the two in the middle short : the 

 form of the tail deeply forked ; the chin almost black ; the 

 cheeks, ear-coverts, neck, breast, belly, and under tail-coverts, 

 pale brownish Avhite, streaked with darker brown, except on 

 the middle of the breast and belly, which are plain ; the dark 

 streaks are largest on the flanks ; the legs, toes, and claws, 

 dark brown. 



The whole length five inches and a quarter. From the 

 carpal joint to the end of the wing, two inches and seven- 

 eighths : the first, second, and third quill-feathers nearly equal 

 in length ; but the first and second rather longer than the 

 third ; the fourth feather two-twelfths of an inch shorter than 

 the third. 



M. Temminck''s description of his Fringilla Borealis at 

 different seasons of the year, is as follows : — 



The old male in spring has the throat and lore black ; 

 forehead and upper part of the head blood red ; front of the 

 neck, breast, and rump, rose red ; belly and flanks pure 



