132 PROCEEDINGS COTTESWOLD CLUB 1913 



Water. — The main horizon for springs is, of course, about 

 where the Inferior Oohte and Upper Lias meet. Owing, how- 

 ever, to the extensive spread of gravel, the water does not 

 generally show itself before the hmits of the gravel patch are 

 reached. 



To the south of Vineyards Farm the spring, marked by a 

 windmill, derives its supply from the Oolite and gravel-bed. Its 

 output is about 2000 gallons per day. 



At (40) is a good spring, gauged at the end of a very dry summer 

 to yield 2000 gallons per day. The water from it is taken in a pipe 

 to a reservoir at (41). This reservoir furnishes the water-supply for 

 Lilleybrook. At (42) is a strong spring coming out of the gravel-bed. 



Commercial Uses.^ — As is obvious from the many quarries 

 on Charlton Common and Leckhampton Hill, the Inferior- 

 Oohte Ragstones, Freestones and Pea-Grit have been quarried 

 on and off for centuries. At the present time (1913) the 

 quarries are being worked by the Cotswold Lime and Stone 

 Firms Ltd., the commercial names of the stones that are 

 quarried being " Cotswold-Dale Weatherstone " (Pea-Grit), 

 " Cotswold-Dale Building-Stone " (Lower Freestone), and 

 " Trigonyx " (Gryphite-Grit). 



Cotswold-Dale Weather-Stone (Pea-Grit) is used where 

 damp may be encountered — for plinths, copings, bridges, 

 culverts, foundationings, etc. A sample submitted to the 

 test developed a slight fracture at a weight of 372-9 tons to 

 the square foot. 



Cotswold-Dale Freestone is of a shghtly pinkish-cream 

 tint. It has remarkably good weathering qualities, and while 

 fairly easy to work, hardens rapidly on exposure. With this 

 stone there is no " erosion " (or gradual crumbhng away) or 

 " blowing." In a test made by David Kirkaldy & Son, it only 

 cracked slightly at a stress weight of 458 6 tons to the square 

 foot. The weight is 16 cubic feet to the ton. It has been 

 used in the construction of Leckhampton (erected in the early 

 part of the 14th century), Holy Apostles', St. Phihps and St. 

 James, the Presbyterian and Bentham Churches, the ceiling 

 of Cheltenham College Chapel (beautiful traceries and carving), 

 Leckhampton Court, Chestnut Close (Ascott, Oxon.), Malvern 



I I am indebted to Mr A. E. Painter, of the Cotswold Lime and Stone Firms Ltd., for the in- 

 formation given under this heading. 



