SYSTEMATIC ARRANGEMENT OF THE GENERA OF BIRDS xvii 
ORDER STEGANOPODES 
Hind toe articulated on the inner surface of the tarsus, united to other 
toes by a web. 
FAMILY PELECANIDA 
Bill strong, edges of the mandibles minutely toothed ; wings long; legs 
short; toes four, all connected by a membrane. 
7O. PHALACROcORAXx (Cormorant). Bill straight, longer than the head, 
compressed ; upper mandible much hooked at the point; face 
and throat naked; inner edge of the middle claw serrated; tail 
rounded, rigid. Page 165 
71. Sura (Gannet). Bill straight, longer than the head, compressed, 
tapering to a point, which is but slightly curved; face and throat 
naked ; inner edge of the middle claw serrated ; tail graduated. 
Page 168 
ORDER HERODIONES 
Hallux free, not united to other toes by a web. 
FAMILY ARDEIDZ 
(HERONS) 
Hind toe on same plane as others. Bill rounded or ridged; notched, 
with no hook at end. Outer toe with broad basal web, obsolete at base of 
inner toe; middle claw pectinated, loral space bare; powder down patches 
present. 
72. ARDEA (Herons). Edges of mandibles distinctly serrated; head 
crested; nape feathers elongated and ornamented; plumes of 
fore-neck not disintegrated; no dorsal train. Page 173 
73. Nyocticorax (Night Heron). Bill scarcely longer than the head, 
much compressed; neck rather thick and short; crest of three 
very long tapering feathers. In other respects resembling ARDEA. 
Page 173 
74. BotTaurus (Bittern). Bill searcelylonger than the head, much com. 
pressed ; neck thick, clothed in front with long and loose feathers 
In other respects resembling ARDEA. Page 173 
FAMILY CICONIIDZ 
(STORKS) 
Hind toe elevated above plane of others ; no powder down patches ; bill 
not hooked at tip. 
75. Ciconta (Stork). Bill much longer than the head, stout, tapering to 
a point; nostrils near the base, pierced in the horny substance of 
the bill; tarsi very long; claws not pectinated; wings moderate, 
third, fourth, and fifth primaries longest. Page 175 
FAMILY PLATALEIDA3 
(SPOONBILLS) 
Bill flattened, narrow in middle, and widening out intoaspoon-shaped end. 
76. PLATALEA (Spoonbill). Head partly bare, auricular orifice covered 
with plumes. Nostrils elongated and in a shallow depression. 
Page 176 
