THE HOUSE MARTIN 83 
THE HOUSE MARTIN 
CHEL{DON URBICA 
Head, nape and upper part of the back, black with violet reflections ; lower 
part of the back, and all the under parts, pure white; feet and toes covered 
with downy feathers ; tail forked, moderate. Length five inches and a 
half. Eggs pure white. 
THE swallows and the Martins are so much alike in their leading 
habits, namely, migration, mode of flight, and food, that a descrip- 
tion of either will in many respects be applicable to the other. The 
House Martin generally arrives a few days after the Swallow, and 
resorts to similar localities. In the early part of the season the most 
sheltered places are sought out, and the two species may frequently 
be seen hawking for flies in company. Later in the season its num- 
bers are observed to be greatly increased, and it is joined by the 
Swift and Sand Martin. Not that any society is entered into by 
the different species, or that they even sport together; but one 
may often stand on the bank of a canal, or by the margin of a pond, 
and see all four kinds glance by in varied succession, and in pro- 
portions which differ according as one or the other is most abundant 
in the neighbourhood. Acute listeners can, it is said, hear a snap- 
ping noise made by the bird as it closes its beak on a captured insect, 
but I must confess that though I have often tried to detect this sound, 
I have never succeeded. Swift as their passage is, and similar though 
the flight of all the species, no difficulty is found in distinguishing 
them. The Chimney-Swallow is sufficiently marked by its long 
forked tail and red chin; the House Martin by the snow-white 
hue of its abdomen and lower part of the back, and by its shorter 
tail, which is also forked ; the Sand Martin by its smaller size, its 
greyish brown back and dirty-white under plumage, as well as by 
its shorter, slightly forked tail ; and the Swift can be distinguished 
at any distance by its shape, which resembles a bent bow, with the 
body representing an arrow ready to be shot. On a nearer view, 
the Swift is marked by its general black hue relieved only by a spot 
of white on the chin, which it requires a sharp eye to detect. All 
the species have the power of suddenly, and with the greatest 
rapidity, altering their course by a slight movement of the wings 
and tail. 
Immediately on its arrival in this country, the Martin pays a 
visit to its old dwelling, clings to its walls, peeps in or even enters 
many times a day. It has been proved by several experiments, 
that the same birds return year after year to their old nests, and 
it is hard to believe, so thoroughly delighted do they seem, that 
they are guided simply by an impassive instinct. If so, why should 
they hang about the ‘old house at home’ so many days before 
they begin to set in order again the future nursery ? No elaborate 
plans of alterations and improvements are to be devised; last 
