194 THE SCAUP DUCK 
wait by night, armed with guns of various calibre, for the chance 
of securing in one or two Ducks the substitute for a day’s wages. 
They are variously known in different places by the name of 
Pochards, Pokers, Dunbirds, and Red-Eyed Pochards. On some 
parts of the coast of Norfolk I found that they are included with the 
Wigeon under the common name of ‘Smee-Duck’. 
The Pochard builds its nest among reeds, in Russia, Denmark, 
and the north of Germany, and lays twelve or thirteen eggs. 
The Red-crested is a different species from the ‘ Red-headed.’ 
THE TUFTED DUCK 
FULIGULA CRISTATA 
Feathers on the back of the head elongated ; head, neck, breast, and upper 
plumage black, with purple, green, and bronze reflections ; speculum and 
under plumage white, except the abdomen, which is dusky ; bill blue, nail 
black ; irides bright yellow ; feet bluish, with black membranes. Female 
—smaller, the crest shorter; upper plumage dull black, clouded wita 
brown ; under plumage reddish white, spotted on the breast and flanks 
with reddish brown. Length seventeen inches. Eggs greenish white 
spotted with light brown. 
THE points of difference in habit between this and the’ preceding 
species are so few that it is scarcely necessary to say more than 
that it is a regular winter visitor to the British Isles, and is distri- 
buted, generally in small flocks, never alone, over our lakes and 
marshes, arriving in October and taking its departure in March or 
April. Its food is less exclusively of a fishy nature than that of the 
Scaup Duck, consequently its flesh is more palatable, being, in the 
estimation of French gastronomists, un roti parfait. The Tufted 
Duck now breeds in a good many districts here. 
THE SCAUP DUCK 
FULIGULA MARILA 
Head and upper part of the neck black, with green reflections; breast and 
rump black; back and scapulars whitish, marked with numerous fine 
wavy black lines; belly, flanks, and speculum, white ; bill blue, the nail 
and edges black ; irides bright yellow ; feet ash-grey, with dusky mem- 
branes. Female—a broad whitish band round the base of the bill; head 
and neck dusky brown; breast and rump dark brown; back marked 
with fine wavy lines of black and white; flanks spotted and pencilled 
with brown, irides dull yellow. Length twenty inches. Eggs clay- 
buff. 
THE Scaup is so called from its feeding on ‘ scaup’, a northern word 
for a bed of shellfish. It is a northern bird, arriving on our coasts 
in October and November, and remaining with us till the following 
1‘ Avis hec the Scaup Duck dicta est quoniam scalpam, i.e. pisces testa- 
ceos fractos seu contritos, esitat..—WILLUGHBY, p. 279. 
