AMERICIAN HONEY PLANTS 117 



Seeds introduced in California hay. Established on upland pastures 

 on Hawaii and Molokai. 



White clover (Trifolium repens). Found on Haleakala and Maka- 

 wao pastures, Maui. 



Crop Plants 



Sisal (Agave sisalana). 



Various species of curcurbits (melons, squashes, pumpkins, cu- 

 cumbers, etc.) 



Forage Plants. 



Alfalfa, several varieties. 



Lupins, blue and yellow. Occasionally used as green manure 

 plants on sugar plantations. 

 Tangier pea (Lathyrus tingitanus). Growing at Haiku, Maul. 



Sanfoin (Onobrychus sativa). A forage plant introduced by Mr. 

 Jared G. Smith in 1904. Seed distributed to ranches. 



Ornamental Plants 



Palms, particularly the royal and cocoanut. 



Poppy, a horticultural form of Romneya coulteri, found in gar- 

 dens in Honolulu. 



Chinese inkberry (Sestrum diurnum). 

 Thevitia nereifolia). 

 Vines (Ipomaea supp). 



Weeds 



Lantana, two species. . 

 California Sages (Artemisia). Introduced by Hawaiian Beekeepers' 

 Association in 1907. Not as yet established. Suitable for waste, arid 

 lands. The most important honey plant in California. Valuable as a 

 forage plant. 



Ilima (Sida spp). 



Oi (Verbena bonariensis). 



Pill grass (Heteropogon contortus). 



Spanish needle (lauki) (Bidens pilosa). 



Puakala (Argemone mexicana). 

 Alii (Dodonaea viscosa var. spathulata). 



Hila hila (unde'termined). 



Other weeds are Waltheria americana, Ipomaea pes-caprae (vine 

 along seacoast), and Malvastrum tricuspidatum. 



Other Sources of Honey 



Hawaii is peculiar in that most of the honey produced is from some 

 source other than flowers. Two-thirds of the honey shipped annually 

 from the islands is largely or entirely honeydew honey. By far the greater 

 part of this comes from the exudations of the sugar cane leafhopper. — 

 E. F. Phillips, Bui. 75, Part 5, Bureau of Entomology. 



HAWTHORN (Crataegus). 



Figure 69 pictures a hawthorn in full bloom. The picture does not 

 do justice to the masses of white flowers with which the tree was covered. 

 This is an eastern species (Crataegus punctata), which occurs from Que- 

 bec to Ontario and south to Georgia. It was about the middle of June 

 when this picture was taken and the bees were working on these trees 

 everywhere we went. Clover had not begun to yield to any extent and the 

 thorn was a great boost to the bees wherever it was plentiful. 



