16 PIllLIl'PlNE RESINS, GUMS, AND OILS 



lar^e number of species, so that a jifiven species, although of wide 

 distribution, may occur only in small numbers in a limited area. 

 Many of the Philippine oil-producing plants grow well under 

 cultivation, and the greatest development of oil industries from 

 such plants will be dependent on their being grown in plantations 

 by private individuals or in reforestation projects. A beginning 

 has already been made in this direction, and in the case of 

 Canaiigium oiIoratNtu (ilang-ilang) the oil is distilled largely 

 from flowers grown under cultivation. Aleurites moluccana, 

 the source of lumbang oil, is fairly common in some regions, and 

 the oil, which is extracted commercially, is largely from wild 

 trees. This species and also Aleurites tnsperma, the source of 

 bagilumbang oil. grow rapidly in plantations, and the trees fruit 

 in a few years. These species are very promising for planta- 

 tion and reforestation projects, and great numbers have already 

 been planted. It can, therefore, be safely predicted that the 

 future supply of lumbang and bagilumbang oils will be mostly 

 from planted trees. As these oils are valuable, there are bright 

 prospects for the development of a considerable industry in the 

 handling of them. Several other oil-producing species which 

 have been tried in limited quantities in plantations give promise 

 of doing well. Among them may be mentioned Poyigamia pin- 

 nata, Sferculia focfida, Tcrmhialia catappa, and Siiuhra supa. 

 Canarium Inzonicum, the source of Manila elemi, also apparently 

 does well in plantations. It would thus seem that the Manila 

 elemi industry can best be developed from planted trees. This 

 is probably likewise true of Canarium rilloxiint and Agathis alba, 

 although the latter species occurs in considerable abundance. 



While most of the oil plants and some of the resinous ones 

 grow for the most part as scattered individuals, this is not true 

 of all the resin-producing trees. Pinus insularis grows in pure 

 stands of considerable extent in the mountain regions of central 

 Luzon, and Pi)iu.^ nicrlxu.^ii in Mindoro. Most of the species of the 

 family Dipterocarpaceae are large and dominant trees and grow 

 in such numbers that immense quantities of resin could be pro- 

 duced. Unfortunately there is comparatively little market for 

 these resins, although balau, from Dipterocarptis vemicifluus, 

 D. gramlifloriis, and other species of Dipferocarpus, and Anisop- 

 tera thNrifcra, appears to be very promising as a source of 

 varnish resin and could be obtained in very large quantities. 

 According to Foxworthy,* the species of Dipterocai-pus make up 



* Foxworthy, F. W., Philippine Dipterocarpaceae, II. Philippine Journal 

 of Science, Section C, Volume 13 (1918), page 103. 



