RESINS 27 



Richmond also prepared an oleoresinous varnish entirely from 

 Philippine raw materials, consisting of lumbang oil, Manila copal, 

 and turpentine. The lumbang was used in place of linseed as 

 a drying oil. The turpentine was obtained by distilling the resin 

 of the Benguet pine. Red narra wood, which had received two 

 coats of this varnish, remained exposed for over a year without 

 any appreciable loss of luster. 



DISTILLATION OF MANILA COPAL 



Brooks * carried out a number of experiments on the distil- 

 lation of Manila copal. His results verified the observations 

 of other experimenters that the distillation takes place in two 

 stages. The first stage is characterized by considerable frothing. 

 As the temperature rises slowly to about 330° the mass becomes 

 fluid and boils gently. The loss in weight at this stage is about 

 14 per cent of the original sample. At about 340° the resin 

 oil distils over in large quantities. The weight of oil obtained 

 from 1,500 grams of resin was 94 grams. The fraction boiling 

 between 150° and 178° gave 24 grams of oil, and contained 

 limonene, pinene, terpineol, iso-borneol and /3-pinene. 



Table 2. — Substances given off by Manila copal during the first 

 stage of the decoynposition, up to 330° . 



Substances. Per cent 



Carbon dioxide 3.2 



Water 2.4 



Formic acid and acetic acid eacn.... 0.5 



Formaldehyde, acetyl formaldehyde, furfuraldehyde, 



methyl alcohol, and acetone, approximately 0.2 



Gaseous hydrocarbons 0.2 



Pinene, limonene, dipentene, /3-pinene, and camphene, 



variable 1.5-11.2 



Resin oil, variable, usually from 3.0-6.0 



Brooks also analyzed the gases given off during the first stage 

 of the distillation of Manila copal and ascertained the quantity 

 of carbon dioxide, unsaturated hydrocarbons, and saturated hy- 

 drocarbons. The principal products obtained by distilling Ma- 

 nila copal up to a temperature of 330° are given in Table 2. 

 The solubility of Manila copal in various solvents was deter- 

 mined, with the results given in Table 3. These results are, 

 however, only approximate, as diff'erent pieces vary somewhat in 

 solubility, 



* Brooks, B. T., Destructive distillation of Manila copal. Philippine 

 Journal of Science, Section A, Volume 5 (1910), page 203. 



