110 PHILIPPINE RESINS, GUMS, AND OILS 



Genus PACHYRRHIZUS 

 PACHYRRHIZUS EROSUS (L.) Urb. SiNGKAMAS. 



Local names: Hingkamds (Cavite) ; kamcth (Zambales) ; kamds (Ilocos 

 Norte and Sur, Abra, Pangasinan) ; lakamds (Pangasinan) ; sikarnds (Pam- 

 panga) ; sinkamds or singkamas (Ilocos Norte and Sur, Cagayan, Panga- 

 sinan, Tarlac, Bulacan, Bataan, Rizal, Manila, Laguna, Tayabas, Cavite, 

 Batangas, Camarines, Albay, Mindoro, Capiz) ; tikamds (Cuyo Island). 



SINGKAMAS OIL 



Heyne * says that Greshoff found in the seeds 38.4 per cent 

 of a colorless, limpid oil. 



Pachyrrhizus erosus is a rather coarse, somewhat hairy, her- 

 baceous vine. The leaves are compound with three leaflets, 

 which are up to 15 centimeters in length and 20 centimeters in 

 width. The flowers are pale blue or blue and white, 2 to 2.5 

 centimeters long, and borne in racemes which are up to 45 cen- 

 timeters in length. The pods are about 10 centimeters long, 

 10 to 12 millimeters wide, flat, hairy, and contain from eight 

 to ten seeds. The roots are large, fleshy, turnip-shaped. They 

 are either eaten raw or prepared in a variety of ways. The 

 young fruit is sometimes eaten as a vegetable. 



This species is a native of tropical America, but is now widely 

 distributed in the tropics. It is thoroughly naturalized in the 

 Philippines and is common in thickets. It is also extensively 

 cultivated. 



Genus PITHECOLOBIUM 

 PITHECOLOBIUM DULCE (Roxb.) Benth. KAMACHfLE. 



KAMACHILE OIL 



A description and the local names of this species are given 

 in the section on edible plants. 



Concerning the oil yielded by the fruit of this species Kesava- 

 Menon f states : 



* * * The fruit * * * contains a number of large seeds each 

 of which is enveloped in a sweet, whitish pulp. The seeds are black, 

 shiny, partly immersed in an arillus, and replete with an edible pulp 

 of an yellowish white colour. The pulp on extraction with ether yielded 

 18.22 per cent of a yellowish white oil, with a beany smell, which solid- 

 ified at a temperature of 15° C. ( = 13.20 per cent calculated on the 

 whole seed). The expressed oil is yellowish white, and very viscous, 

 and "stearine" deposits on standing. The kernels form 72.4 per cent of 

 the seed. Church (Dictionary of the Economic Products of India, Watt, 

 Vol. VI, Part I, page 282) states that 100 parts of bean contain: water, 



* Heyne, K., De Nuttige Planten van Nederlandsch-Indie, Volume 2 

 (1916), page 346. 



t Kesava-Menon, A., Some Indian oils and fats. Journal of the Society 

 of Chemical Industry, Volume 29 (1910), No. 24, page 1431. 



