114 PHILIPPINE RESINS, GUMS, AND OILS 



the more so from the contradictory nature of the literature regarding it, 

 for the seeds might be obtained in any quantity and cheaply, should the 

 oil prove of commercial value. 



Family SIMARUBACEAE 



Genus SAMADERA 



SA MADERA INDICA Gaertn. Manunggal. 



Local names: Malunggdl (Mindoro) ; manunggal (Cagayan, Lanao). 



MANUNGGAL OIL 



Heyne * says that Greshoff reports an oil content of one-third 

 of the weight of the seed kernels. Heyne also states that the 

 plant bears fruits in three years. 



Samadera indica is a tree reaching a height of about 10 meters 

 and a diameter of about 20 centimeters. The leaves are alter- 

 nate, leathery, somewhat oval, pointed at both ends, and from 

 12 to 20 or more centimeters in length. The fruits are about 

 6 centimeters long, flattened, and inequilateral. 



This species is distributed from Luzon to Mindanao and Pal- 

 awan, but is apparently rare. 



Family BURSERACEAE 



Genus CANARIUM 



Several species of the genus Canariwm bear edible nuts which 

 have a fine flavor and yield a valuable oil. The nuts are known 

 as piJi nuts. The largest are apparently produced by Canarium 

 ovatum and these nuts are sold commercially as pili. 



CANARIUM OVATUM Engl. (Fig. 40). PlLI. 



Local names: Ananggi (Sorsogon) ; basidd, liputi, pilduai (Tayabas) ; 

 jyildui (Polillo) ; pili (Tayabas, Polillo, Camarines, Sorsogon, Samar, Su- 

 rigao). 



PILI NUTS AND PILI-NUT OIL 



The nuts of this species are very rich in oil, and when roasted 

 have a delicious flavor. They are served in the same manner as 

 almonds, and by many are considered superior to the latter. 

 The nuts are also used considerably in the making of confections. 

 In Camarines, the roasted kernels are used to adulterate choc- 

 olate. The uncooked nuts have a purgative efl^ect. In 1913, 

 1,186,173 kilograms of pili nuts were exported from Manila. 

 The oil obtained from the nuts of Canarium ovatum is sweet, 

 and suitable for culinary purposes. The fruits are 6 to 7 cen- 

 timeters in length and consist of hard, thick-shelled, triangular 

 nuts surrounded by a small amount of pulp. This pulp, which 



* Heyne, K., De Nuttige Planten van Nederlandsch-Indie, Volume 3 

 (1917), page 23. 



