170 



PHILIPPINE RESINS, GUMS, AND OILS 



The Philippine exports of sesame seed and oil for several years 

 are given in Table 28. 



Table 28. — Amount and value of sesame seeds and oil exported from the 

 Philipjnnes from 19 lU to J 918. 



Year. 



1914 

 1915 

 1916 

 1917 

 1918 



Seeds. 



Amount. 



Kilo- 

 grams. 



53, 135 



62, 881 



316, 198 



168, 878 



120, 802 



Value. 



Pesos. 

 7.328 

 7,464 

 45, 675 

 27, 558 

 30, 661 



Oil. 



Amount. 



Kilo- 

 grams. 



Value. 



1,250 



The best quality of sesame oil is obtained from the first ex- 

 pression in the cold, and is used for edible purposes such as the 

 manufacture of margarine, which is an artificial butter or butter 

 substitute. Oils of the second or third expression are employed 

 particularly in soap making. After the free fatty acids have 

 been removed from the lower grades, they are likewise useful 

 for illuminating and lubricating purposes. 



The oil cake contains about 9 per cent of oil. It serves as an 

 excellent cattle food. Oil cake which has been extracted with 

 solvents serves as fertilizer. 



Before the war, sesame seeds were chiefly crushed on the con- 

 tinent of Europe. In several continental countries the inclusion 

 of a certain quantity of sesame oil in margarine was compul- 

 sory, to facilitate its detection when used to adulterate butter. 

 This factor raised the price, with the result that the British 

 margarine producers substituted other oils, said to be cheaper 

 and equally good. The seed is, however, now crushed in Eng- 

 land, and it has been predicted that this practice will continue 

 and extend if the price of the seeds remains at about the same 

 level as that of the other oil seeds.* 



In India and other eastern countries, the oil is expressed by 

 primitive methods and employed largely in cooking, for anointing 

 the body, and for lamps. About 400,000 tons of sesame seeds 

 per year are used in India ; in Burma about 100,000 tons. The 

 average annual export from India is about 100,000 tons. India 

 also exports about 180,000 tons of oil annually. The total im- 



* The oil-seed industry of Rhodesia. 

 Volume 15 (1917), page 477. 



Bulletin of the Imperial Institute, 



