192 PHILIPPINE RESINS, GUMS, AND OILS 



the next distillation of first quality oil with the remains of the second 

 quality adhering to the apparatus. The distiller usually judges of the 

 time to change the receptacle from that used for first quality to that 

 employed for the second, by taking note of the odor of the distillate. The 

 oil is received in some type of Florence flask, usually two or more of these 

 are connected in series and the condensed water is used in future dis- 

 tillations. The whole apparatus is best lined with block tin, although some 

 distillers have found nickel to be more satisfactory. The oil, after separat- 

 ing from the water, is clarified and as it is sensitive to light and air, it 

 should be placed into dark colored bottles as soon as possible; these should 

 be filled to the neck, well stoppered and then paraffined to keep out all air. 

 In the ideal apparatus the receivers should be so constructed that very 

 little light and air has access to the oil. * * * 



Bacon emphasized the fact that only mature, yellow flowers 

 should be used, and he believed that the greatest advance in the 

 industry would take place when the distillers owned their own 

 groves and could select their flowers. This is shown very 

 strikingly in the following quotation : 



Fifty-four and five-tenths kilos (120 pounds) of extra fine flowers, 

 one-half of which were perfectly yellow and ripe, were distilled with steam 

 in the usual manner and the following fractions were obtained: 



Number 1: 55 cubic centimeters; specific gravity, =o.960* 



ono on 



A^=-19.8°; N^^ =1.4865; ester number, 178. 



Number 2: 33 cubic centimeters; specific gravity, ^7^ = 0.959; 



A^ = -26.5°; N^= 1.4914; ester number, 160. 



4^ 



30 

 Number 3: 90 cubic centimeters; specific gravity, . =0.954; 



30° ^0° 



A^ =-34.6°; N^ =1.4956; ester number, 154. 



4 



Number 4: 80 cubic centimeters; specific gravity, -—=0.942; 



30 CO ^o xr30 



^ £) =-53.4 ; N^ = 1.5020; ester number, 113. 



Tubes numbers 1, 2 and 3 united gave the following constants: Specific 



gravity, |^- = 0.958; A^°=-27.0; N ?^^ = 1.4910; ester number, 169. 



The total oil obtained was 258 cubic centimeters, which is 264 grams, 

 corresponding to a yield of 0.45 per cent. 



This yield was nearly twice the normal amount and the quality of the 

 oil was very high, as was shown not only by analytical figures given 

 above, but also was confirmed by the opinions of Manila experts to whom 

 it was submitted. 



I believe these experiments indicate that 200 kilos of ripe, yellow flowers 

 will give 1 kilo of a better quality of oil than will 400 kilos of the class 

 of poor, mixed flowers used at the present time. It is a well-known fact 

 of plant physiology that the odoriferous substance is present in the flowers 

 in greatest abundance and in finest quality at the time when it is mature 



