54 MINOR PRODUCTS OF PHILIPPINE FORESTS 



eter of 80 centimeters. The bark is about 5 millimeters thick, 

 light gray to dark gray, and densely covered with corky pus- 

 tules. The inner bark is slightly pink colored and somewhat 

 spongy in texture. The leaves are alternate and doubly com- 

 pound. 



This species is found throughout the Philippines, especially 

 in second-growth or open forests. 



Genus ENTADA 

 ENTADA PHASEOLOIDES (L.) Merr. {E. scandens L) (Fig. 3). GOGO. 



Local names: Ballogo (Ilocos Norte and Sur, Cagayan) ; Balogo (Samar, 

 Cuyo, Bisaya provinces, parts of Bikol region) ; gogo, gugo, or gugu' (Isa- 

 bela, Nueva Vizcaya, Nueva Ecija, Tarlac, Pampanga, Bulacan, Rizal, 

 Manila, Bataan, Laguna, Cavite, Batangas, Tayabas, Camarines, Mindoro, 

 Marinduque, Leyte, Negros) ; ipol (Zambales) ; kalit (E. Pangasinan) ; 

 lipai (Ilocos Norte and Sur, Cagayan, Isabela, Union, Bulacan) ; lotog (W. 

 Pangasinan). In most parts of N. Luzon, the name Upai is given to the 

 plant and its large, round seeds, and ballogo to the crushed stem used 

 for washing the hair. 



The bark and stems of Entada phaseoloides (gogo) contain 

 saponin. Gogo is used extensively in the Philippines and other 

 oriental countries for washing the hair and is on the market 

 as an ingredient of hair tonics. 



The vine is cut in lengths of about one-half to 1 meter and 

 pounded into thin, flat strips, the width of which depends on the 

 •diameter of the piece treated. These strips when dried are ready 

 for market. When soaked in water and rubbed, gogo produces 

 a lather which cleanses the scalp very effectually. Very large 

 ■quantities of gogo are used in the Philippines, but it is very 

 difficult to determine the amount. Many people cut and pound 

 material for their own use, while others prepare a small quantity 

 and peddle it from house to house. There is no organized trade 

 in gogo, but it is sold in small stores throughout the Islands. 

 In Manila it sells at retail at prices ranging from 40 centavos 

 a kilo upward. A forest charge of 10 per cent, or 2 pesos per 

 100 kilos, is collected on it. 



The chemical composition of gogo has been investigated by 

 Bacon.* 



Gogo is used as a fish poison, the active principle, according 

 to Bacon, being saponin. The bark is also used for cordage. 

 The kernels of the seeds are mashed and used by the Filipinos 



* Bacon, R. F., The physiological active constituents of certain Philippine 

 medicinal plants. Philippine Journal of Science, Vol. 1 (1906), page 1021. 

 Bacon, R. F., and Marshall, H. T., The toxic action of saponin. Philippine 

 Journal of Science, Vol. 1 (1906), page 1037. 



