SYSTEMATIC ARRANGEMENT OF THE GENERA OF BIRDS xxiii 



at base of mandible, prominent. Legs ratber short, anterior toes 

 almost entirely divided. Page 254 



121. Gallinago (Snipe). Bill very long; legs rather long and slender; 



anterior toes divided to the base. Page 256 



122. Calidris (Sanderling). Bill as long as the head, slender, straight, 



soft, and flexible, dilated towards the end ; nostrils basal, narrow, 

 pierced in the long nasal groove which reaches to the tip ; legs 

 slender ; toes three, scarcely connected by a membrane ; wings 

 moderate ; first primary longest. Page 260 



123. Tringa (Sandpiper, Knot, Dunlin, Stint). Bill as long as the head or a 



little longer, straight or slightly curved, soft and flexible, dilated, and 

 blunt towards point ; both mandibles grooved along sides ; nostrils 

 lateral wings moderately long, pointed, first quill longest ; legs 

 moderately long; three toes in front, divided to origin ; one be- 

 hind, small, articulated upon tarsus. Page 261 



124. Machetes (Ruff). Bill straight, as long as the head, dilated and 



smooth at the tip ; nasal channel reaching to nearly the end of 

 the bill ; nostrils basal ; first and second primaries longest ; toes 

 four, the outer and middle connected as far as the first joint ; neck 

 of the male in spring furnished with a ruff. Page 266 



125. T6TANUS (Redshank, Sandpiper). Bill moderate, slender, soft at 



the base, solid at the end ; both mandibles grooved at the base, 

 upper channelled through half its length ; nostrils pierced in the 

 groove ; legs long, slender ; toes four. Page 267 



126. Lim6sa (Godwit). Bill very long, slender, curved upwards, soft and 



flexible throughout, dilated towards the tip, and blunt ; upper 

 mandible channelled throughout its whole length ; nostrils linear, 

 pierced in the groove, pervious ; legs long and slender ; toes 

 four, the outer and middle connected as far as as the first joint ; 

 wings moderate; first primary longest. Page 272 



127. NuMENius (Curlew, Whimbrel). Bill much larger than the head, 



slender, curved downwards. Page 273 



ORDER GAVI^ 



Front toes entirely connected by webs. Primaries, ten large and visible, 

 one minute and concealed. 



FAMILY LARID.E 



(Gulls, Terns, Skuas) 



SUB. FAMILY STERNIN^ 

 Bill straight, rather slender ; mandibles of about equal length. 



128. Hydrochelidon (Black, White-winged, and Whiskered Terns). Tail 



feathers rounded or slightly pointed ; tail short, less than half 

 length of wing. Page 275 



129. Sterna (Other Terns). Outer tail feathers longest, pointed ; tarsus 



short ; tail at least half length of wing ; bill compressed and slender ; 

 tarsus never exceeds length of middle toe with claw. Page 276 



