PASSERES— MOTACILLIDAE— ANTHUS LUDOVICIANUS. 



187 



Fam. MOTAOILLIDAE: Wagtails, 

 anthus ludovicianus (gm.). 



Titlark. 



Alauda Iwloviciana, Gm., Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 793. 



Anthus ludoviciamis, Bd., U. S. & Mex. Bonud. Surv.. ii, pt. ii, 1854, Birds, 10.— Id., 

 Ives' Col. Exped., 1857-58, pt. iv, 5.— Id., Birds N. A.^ 1858, 232.— Xantus, 

 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Pbila., 1859, 190 (Fort Tejou, Cal.).— Heerm., P. R. 

 E. Rep., X, pt. iv, 1859, 45.— Oenry, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1839, 

 107 (New Mexico).— Coop. & Suckl., P. B. R. Rep., xii, pt. ii, 18G0, 176.— 

 Hayd., Traus. Am. Phil. Soc, xii, 18C2, 159.— Bd., Rev. Am. Birds, i, 1SG4, 

 153._CouES, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Pbila., 186G, 67 (Fort Whipple, winter).— 

 Id., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Pbila., 18G8, 82.— Cooper, Proc. Cal. Acad., 

 1870, 75.— J(Z., Birds Cal., i, 1870, 78.— Stev., U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., 1870, 

 4G3.— Allen, Bull. Miis. Comp. Zool., 1872, 175 (inouutains of Colorado; 

 Wabsatch Mouutaiiis).— Snow, Birds Kau., 1872, 7.— Coues, Key N. A. 

 Birds, 1872, 40.— Merriam,U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., 1872, 674 (Snake River).— 

 Aiken, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., 1872, 196 (breeding in mountains of 

 Colorado).— Yarrow & Henshaw, Rep. Orn. Specs., 1872, Wheeler's 

 Ex|)ed., 1874, 10.— Henshaw, An. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., xi, 1874, 3.— Id., 

 An. List Birds Utah, 1872, Wheeler's Exped., 1874, 41.— Allen, Proc. Bost. 

 Soc. Nat. Hist., June, 1874, 20.— Coues, Birds Northwest, 1874, 40. 



The Titlark has been met with by our parties only as a late summer 

 and fall migrant, as which it occurs generally throughout the West. The 

 discovery of the young by Mr. J. A. Allen, in the mountains of Colorado, at 

 an age scarcely able to fly, proves the fact of its breeding in the locality. 

 In its course southward, it reaches Arizona early in October ; and, though I 

 have never seen it abundant, or in large flocks, its distribution appears quite 

 general, a few being met with here and there in very much the same situa- 

 tions as the birds affect at this season in the East, especially among the 

 stubble and weeds of the plowed lands. 



